Genealogical Analysis of Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Quebec Population

Tremblay, Marc Adélard; Vézina, Hélène

doi:10.3378/027.082.0204

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It has to be noted that Emery et al's (2010) model is a population split model without further migration. Interestingly, this lower female effective population size following the colonization of a new territory is also found at a more recent time scale during the colonization of Quebec in the XVIIth century (Tremblay & Vezina 2010). Using genealogical data, they demonstrated that female effective population size is half the effective size of males.…”

Section: At a Global Scale Autosomal ⁄ X Chromosome Genetic Variatiomentioning

confidence: 80%

Sex‐specific demographic behaviours that shape human genomic variation

et al. 2011

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In the human species, the two uniparental genetic systems (mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) exhibit contrasting diversity patterns. It has been proposed that sexspecific behaviours, and in particular differences in migration rate between men and women, may explain these differences. The availability of high-density genomic data and the comparison of genetic patterns on autosomal and sex chromosomes at global and local scales allow a reassessment of the extent to which sex-specific behaviours shape our genome. In this article, we first review studies comparing the genetic patterns at uniparental and biparental genetic systems and assess the extent to which sex-specific migration processes explain the differences between these genetic systems. We show that differences between male and female migration rates matter, but that they are certainly not the only contributing factor. In particular, differences in effective population size between men and women are also likely to account for these differences. Then, we present and discuss three anthropological processes that may explain sex-specific differences in effective population size and thus human genomic variation: (i) variance in reproductive success arising from, for example, polygyny; (ii) descent rules; and (iii) transmission of reproductive success.

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Section: At a Global Scale Autosomal ⁄ X Chromosome Genetic Variatiomentioning

confidence: 80%

Sex‐specific demographic behaviours that shape human genomic variation

et al. 2011

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“…As often was the case in human migrations, founder populations remained in contact with forefront groups that colonized new territories. Here specifically, familial bounds led to non-random migration of lineages so that an individual would leave France to immigrate to Québec where his sibling had already settled (73). Another example is when deported Acadians returned to New France (55).…”

Section: Québec Population History and Founder Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effective family size of immigrant founders predicts their long-term demographic outcome: from Québec settlers to their 20th-century descendants

Labuda

Harding

Milot

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Human evolution involves population splits, size fluctuations, founder effects, and admixture. Population history reconstruction based on genetic diversity data routinely relies on simple demographic models while projecting the past. Yet, no specific demographic assumptions are needed to understand the genetic structure of the founder population of Quebec. Because genealogy and genetics are intimately related, we used descending genealogies of this population to pursue the fate of its founder lineages. Maternal and paternal lines reflect the transmission of mtDNA and the Y-chromosome, respectively. We followed their transmission in real-time, from the 17th century down to its 20th-century population. We counted the number of married children of immigrants (i.e., their effective family size, EFS), estimated the proportion of successful immigrants in terms of their survival ratio, and assessed net growth rates and extinction. Likewise, we evaluated the same parameters for their Quebec-born descendants. The survival ratio of the first immigrants was the highest and declined over time in association with the decreasing immigrants EFS. Parents with high EFS left plentiful married progeny, putting EFS as the most important variable determining the parental demographic success throughout time for generations ahead. The 17th and 18th-century immigrants bear the most remarkable demographic and genetic impact on the 20th-century population of Quebec. Lessons learned from Quebec genealogies can teach us about the consequences of founder effects and migrations through real peoples history. The effective family size of immigrant founders predicts their long-term demographic outcome.

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“…In humans, sex-biased demography has had a particular effect on admixed populations, populations that have often been founded or influenced by periods of colonization and forced migration involving an initial or continuing admixture process (Mesa et al 2000; Seielstad 2000; Wilkins and Marlowe 2006; Tremblay and Vezina 2010; Heyer et al 2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

Autosomal Admixture Levels Are Informative About Sex Bias in Admixed Populations

2014

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Sex-biased admixture has been observed in a wide variety of admixed populations. Genetic variation in sex chromosomes and functions of quantities computed from sex chromosomes and autosomes have often been examined to infer patterns of sex-biased admixture, typically using statistical approaches that do not mechanistically model the complexity of a sex-specific history of admixture. Here, expanding on a model of Verdu and Rosenberg (2011) that did not include sex specificity, we develop a model that mechanistically examines sex-specific admixture histories. Under the model, multiple source populations contribute to an admixed population, potentially with their male and female contributions varying over time. In an admixed population descended from two source groups, we derive the moments of the distribution of the autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population as a function of sex-specific introgression parameters and time. Considering admixture processes that are constant in time, we demonstrate that surprisingly, although the mean autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population does not reveal a sex bias in the admixture history, the variance of autosomal admixture is informative about sex bias. Specifically, the long-term variance decreases as the sex bias from a contributing source population increases. This result can be viewed as analogous to the reduction in effective population size for populations with an unequal number of breeding males and females. Our approach suggests that it may be possible to use the effect of sex-biased admixture on autosomal DNA to assist with methods for inference of the history of complex sex-biased admixture processes.

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Genealogical Analysis of Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Quebec Population

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Sex‐specific demographic behaviours that shape human genomic variation

Sex‐specific demographic behaviours that shape human genomic variation

The effective family size of immigrant founders predicts their long-term demographic outcome: from Québec settlers to their 20th-century descendants

Autosomal Admixture Levels Are Informative About Sex Bias in Admixed Populations

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