Genealogical analysis of diversity of spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004

Abstract

The genetic diversity of 116 spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929Kazakhstan from -2004 was studied by means of a genealogical analysis. The tendency of genetic diversity to change over time was traced by analysing a series of n × m matrices, where n is the number of released cultivars and m is the number of landrace ancestors. The pool of landrace ancestors of spring wheat cultivars in 1929-2004 contained a total of 114 landraces and old varieties, including 19 from Kazakhstan and Central Asia and 23 from neighbouring regions of Russia. The original ancestors differ significantly in frequency of presence and hence in their importance in the genepool of spring wheats cultivated in Kazakhstan. Significant differences in the contributions of dominant ancestors to cultivars for various regions have been revealed, showing that those ancestors were specifically adapted to different growing conditions. During the past 75 years, genetic diversity has increased due to the wide use of foreign materials in breeding programmes. A more detailed study has shown that during the period analysed, 15 landraces from Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Central Asia and Russia (35% of local germplasm) were lost from the pedigrees. The cluster structure of modern cultivars included in the Kazakhstan Official List (2002) was established. By analysing coefficients of parentage, significant differences in the genetic diversity of cultivars from various growing regions were revealed.

Application of next-generation sequencing technology to study genetic diversity and identify unique SNP markers in bread wheat from Kazakhstan

“…For example, in the present study, two cultivars ERY-841 and KAZ-19 (clades A and B2, Figure 4 ) were most genetically distanced from the others, and these results were similar to those in the genealogical study [ 64 ] and to our previously published analysis using 24 SSR markers [ 60 ]. By contrast, three cultivars from sub-clade C2-4 in the current study (KAR-90, PAV-93 and TZE-3C) also combined as cluster III in the molecular-genetic analysis using 33 SSR markers [ 65 ], but they were dispersed into three groups (B, C and F) in the genealogical study [ 64 ]. The pedigrees for KAR-90, TZE-3C and PAV-93 give no indication of a shared genetic history but they did originate from close geographic locations in Kazakhstan.…”

“…Previous parentage analyses for Kazakhstan wheat genotypes were based either only on genealogical pedigree study [ 64 ], or on molecular-genetic analyses using 24 SSR markers [ 60 ] and 33 SSR markers [ 65 ], where eight of the wheat cultivars in these studies matched those included here. The different approaches showed some similarities.…”

GWAS for plant growth stages and yield components in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvested in three regions of Kazakhstan

“…Hexaploid bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is a major commodity for export in Kazakhstan and is grown annually on more than 12 million hectares. The history of wheat cultivation in Kazakhstan shows that most of wheat cultivars have been developed in collaboration with Russian breeders and using Russian wheat genetic resources [ 1 ]. Even after the breakup of the USSR, this trend is still in the place as the two countries share their expertise and genetic resources based on bilateral projects and international activities under the CIMMYT umbrella [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Phylogenetic analysis of wheat cultivars in Kazakhstan based on the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism array

“…Owing to environmental stresses, the average grain yield of spring wheat in Kazakhstan is only 1.1 ton per hectare (FAO, 2013). However, the grain quality is high and, therefore, it is an important commodity for export to neighbouring countries (Martynov et al , 2005). Traditionally, since Kazakhstan was a part of the former Soviet Union, most of wheat cultivars were developed in collaboration with Russian breeders and using Russian wheat genetic resources (Martynov et al , 2005).…”

“…However, the grain quality is high and, therefore, it is an important commodity for export to neighbouring countries (Martynov et al , 2005). Traditionally, since Kazakhstan was a part of the former Soviet Union, most of wheat cultivars were developed in collaboration with Russian breeders and using Russian wheat genetic resources (Martynov et al , 2005). According to Udachin and Shahmedov (1984), the entire history of wheat growth in Kazakhstan can be divided into three stages.…”