Gene Therapy and Intracytoplasmatic Sperm Injection (ICSI) – A Review

Gene Delivery Systems: Recent Progress in Viral and Non-Viral Therapy

“…Additionally, non-discriminating tropism of the virus can also lead to transduction to untargeted cells (Reynolds et al, 1999). The most serious problem in the use of Ad vectors is their tendency to cause strong immune and inflammatory responses at high doses (Navarro et al, 2008).…”

“…Retroviruses are viruses that integrate with host genome to produce viral proteins (gag, pol, env) that are extracted during gene delivery (El-Aneed, 2004). Retroviral vectors have the capacity to delivery DNA up to 8 kb (Navarro et al, 2008). The most commonly used retroviruses are the Moloney murine leukemia virus species, which have the capacity to deliver exogenous genetic material up to approximately 9 kb (Muzzonigro et al, 1999).…”

“…Retroviral vectors reveal gene transfer that is unsuitable for many cells in in vivo conditions, and this partly stems from rapid inactivation of the human complement system. This silencing is not well characterized; however, it appears as a result of methylation in DNA or promoter regions, or participation of splice region to condensed chromatin (Reynolds et al, 1999;Navarro et al, 2008).…”

“…The most significant disadvantages of cationic lipids are structural instability and heterogeneity, inactivation in blood, low effectiveness, and weak targetability when compared to other systems (Navarro et al, 2008).…”

Therapeutic Potential of Gene Transfer to Testis; Myth or Reality?

“…On the other hand, the disadvantages are the short duration of expression, inefficient transfection and difficulty in targeting transfection (Navarro, 2008). These techniques are so uncontrollable and unpredictable that they will not be appropriate for use in clinical trials in the short term, although some may be useful to produce transgenic animals.…”