Gene Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase T1/M1 in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective:Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). To evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GST M1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GST T1) polymorphisms with development of T1DM and disease-related risk factors.Methods:Measurement of fasting glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as evaluation of GST T1 and M1 genetic polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction were done in 64 diabetic children and 41 controls.Results:The diabetic group had significantly higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol levels. GST T1 null genotype was more frequent in the diabetic than the control group with 4.2-fold increased risk of T1DM (odds ratio=4.2; 95% confidence interval=1.6-11.5; p=0.03). Significant positive associations were found with lipid profile, HbA1c, and duration of illness but not with age, age at onset, and body mass index.Conclusion:Gene polymorphisms of the enzyme GST are associated with development of T1DM and disease-related risk factors.

Glutathione‐S‐transferase M1 polymorphism and pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β are associated with preeclampsia in Serbian women

“…GST are an important family of antioxidant enzymes, and GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms have previously been associated with a variety of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, which is in line with our findings.…”

Impact of Oxidative Changes and Possible Effects of Genetics Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase in Diabetics Patients with Complications

“…Studies with Egyptian children and adolescents, for example, show that the null genotype of GSTT1 conferred a 4.2-fold increased risk for the occurrence of DM, and in this case, associations with some biochemical variables and laboratory data were also observed (lipid profile and HbA1c). In this study, no investigation was performed when susceptibility to DN; however, the results are clear and show that gene polymorphisms encoding GSTs are associated with the development of type 1 DM and disease-related risk factors [31].…”

“…Based on the similarity of the amino acid sequence, GSTS found in the cytosol are called α (GSTA), μ (GSTM), θ (GSTT), π (GSTP), σ (GSTS), omega (GSTO), and zeta (GSTZ) [28,31]. The mitochondrial GST is known as kappa (GSTK) [31]. Mammalian cytosolic GSTs are all dimeric and contain 199-244 amino acid residues in their primary structures.…”

“…These lesions are triggered by functional and metabolic changes. A common metabolic manifestation in the body of a diabetic individual is the picture of oxidative stress [31].…”

Serum Antioxidative Enzymes Levels and Oxidative Stress Products in Children and Adolescents with Type I Diabetes Mellitus

“…Many studies have investigated the relationship between oxidative stress parameters and various diseases such as some cancers, cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, cataracts and aging (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Oxidative stress is believed to play a role both in the initial pathology of diabetes and in the development of vascular complications during the course of the disease (10)(11)(12). It can cause irreversible damage to the β-cells of the pancreatic islets (13).…”