Gene polymorphism of leptin and risk for heart disease, obesity, and high BMI: a systematic review and pooled analysis in adult obese subjects

Abstract

Objectives Leptin polymorphism (LEP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD), obesity, and high body mass index (BMI). However, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to discover the association because previous studies reached different conclusions. Methods Review Manager, version 5.3.5, and Stata, version 15.0, were used for statistical analysis. We calculated the effect size of the studies using the OR with the corresponding 95% CI, and two-sided (bilateral) p-values of 0.05 were considered significant. To determine heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q test and I2 statistics were used. Meta-regression was used to examine the disease (heart disease, obesity, and high BMI) and heterogeneity between these subgroups. Results Eleven studies with 18,984 subjects were included in this study. The G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) polymorphisms of the leptin gene (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our pooled analysis revealed an association between the G-2548A (rs12112075) polymorphism and heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. This indicates that individuals carrying the AA allele are at an increased risk for heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. People with heart failure and coronary artery disease did not have the rs7799039 polymorphism or its alleles linked to them. Conclusions Combined analysis of data from current and published research suggests that the leptin gene polymorphisms G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand this association.

Association of the L3MBTL3 rs1125970 and rs4897367 gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease susceptibility in the Chinese population: a case-control study

“…For example, Leptin ( LEP ) rs12112075 is significantly related to heart disease in individuals with higher BMI. 49 MC4R is an obesity-related gene, and its enhanced variant reduces BMI and obesity risk, and the variant is associated with a lower risk of CHD. 50 When stratified by BMI, we observed that rs1125970 and rs4897367 could reduce the risk of CHD in patients with BMI <24 kg/m 2 , indicating that the role of rs1125970 and rs4897367 in the occurrence of CHD varied with BMI.…”

The Influence of Abdominal Obesity on the Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…16,17 Leptin polymorphisms have been further associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. 18 General cardiovascular risk calculators used in clinical practice reportedly underperform in RA and also do not account for obesity. 19,20 RA patients exhibit greater coronary atherosclerosis burden and plaque vulnerability compared to age and gender-matched ones without autoimmune disease as a proxy for greater cardiovascular risk.…”