Gene Networks Driving Bovine Mammary Protein Synthesis during the Lactation cycle

Bionaz, Massimo; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.4137/bbi.s7003

Cited by 252 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The potential role of translational regulation is consistent with our previous report where the initiation and elongation steps of mRNA translation appear to mediate at least some of the effects of GH on milk protein yield potentially via the mTOR pathway (Hayashi et al, 2009). The importance of gene expression networks involved in translational regulation of mammary protein synthesis is consistent with previous reports (Bionaz and Loor, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Mammary transcriptome analysis of lactating dairy cows following administration of bovine growth hormone

McCoard

Hayashi

Sciascia

et al. 2016

animal

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The galactopoietic effect of growth hormone (GH) in lactating ruminants is well established; however the mechanisms that mediate these effects are not well understood. The first objective of this study was to determine the effect of GH on the synthesis of the major casein and whey proteins. The second objective was to identify the genes and pathways that may be involved in mediating the effect of GH on milk synthesis. A single subcutaneous injection of a commercially available slow release formulation of GH (Lactatropin ® ), or physiological saline solution (control) was administered to non-pregnant dairy cows (n = 4/group) in mid-late lactation. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis and mammary lobulo-alveolar tissue was collected postmortem 6 days post injection. Gene expression profiles were evaluated using either a 22 000 bovine complementary DNA microarray or quantitative PCR (qPCR), and microarrays were validated by qPCR. The yield of all the major casein and whey proteins was increased 32% to 41% in GH-treated cows, with the exception of α-lactalbumin yield which was elevated by 70% relative to controls. Treatment with GH treatment tended to increase the concentration of α-lactalbumin but had no effect on the concentration of any of the major milk proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of the major whey and casein genes, with the exception of α-s2-casein, was increased in response to GH compared with controls, which is consistent with the positive effect of GH on milk production. Treatment with GH treatment influenced the mRNA abundance of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, transcriptional and translational regulation, actin cytoskeleton signalling, lipid metabolism and cell death. This study has provided new insights into the cell signalling that may be involved in mediating the effect of GH on milk production in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This software uses known relationships based on published data from human, mouse and rat genes/proteins, and has been used previously to study gene networks in the bovine (e.g. Loor, 2008 and2011).…”

Section: Microarray Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary transcriptome analysis of lactating dairy cows following administration of bovine growth hormone

McCoard

Hayashi

Sciascia

et al. 2016

animal

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“…6,7 To study the role of miR-148a and miR-17-5p in the regulation of lipid metabolism gene expression, we detected the mRNA level of various genes. Fatty acids outside the cell could be hydrolyzed by LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) and then transported into cells by CD36 (CD 36 molcule (thrombospondin receptor).…”

Section: Microrna/mrna Profiling and Regulatory Fat Metabolism Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-148a and miR-17–5p synergistically regulate milk TAG synthesis via PPARGC1A and PPARA in goat mammary epithelial cells

et al. 2017

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of '18-25' nt RNA molecules which regulate gene expression and play an important role in several biologic processes including fatty acid metabolism. Here we used S-Poly (T) and high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the expression of miRNA and mRNA during early-lactation and in the non-lactating ("dry") period in goat mammary gland tissue. Results indicated that miR-148a, miR-17-5p, PPARGC1A and PPARA are highly expressed in the goat mammary gland in early-lactation and nonlactating periods. Utilizing a Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot, PPARA, an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation, and PGC1a (PPARGC1A), a major regulator of fat metabolism, were demonstrated to be targets of miR-148a and miR-17-5p in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). It was also revealed that miR-148a expression can regulate PPARA, and miR-17-5p represses PPARGC1A in GMECs. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-148a and miR-17-5p promoted triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis while the knockdown of miR-148a and miR-17-5p impaired TAG synthesis in GMEC. These findings underscore the importance of miR-148a and miR-17-5p as key components in the regulation of TAG synthesis. In addition, miR-148a cooperates with miR-17-5p to regulate fatty acid metabolism by repressing PPARGC1A and PPARA in GMECs. Further studies on the functional role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism of ruminant mammary cells seem warranted.

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“…As concerns recent investigations of the expression of the milk protein genes, Bionaz and Loor (2011) determined the expression of the milk protein genes LALBA and CSN3 in bovine mammary gland tissue during lactation cycle. They found the highest expression levels for both on day 60 postpartum (pp) Loor, 2007, 2011, respectively).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression of six major milk proteins in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells isolated from milk during the first twenty weeks of lactation

Sigl¹,

Meyer²,

Wiedemann³

2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to refine a previously developed method to isolate primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pBMEC) from fresh milk. Using this method, it was tested whether the number of pBMEC and the relation of recovered pBMEC to total somatic cell count vary within the individual lactation stages. Furthermore, the expression levels of the milk protein genes during the first twenty weeks of lactation were determined by quantitative PCR method. A total number of 152 morning milk samples were obtained from twenty-four Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 20 weeks of lactation (day 8, 15, 26, 43, 57, 113, and 141 postpartum). Numbers of extracted pBMEC were consistent at all time-points (1.1 ± 0.06 to 1.4 ± 0.03 ×10 3 /ml) and an average value of RNA integrity number (RIN) was 6.3 ± 0.3. Percentage of pBMEC in relation to total milk cells (2.0 ± 0.2 to 6.7 ± 1.0%) correlated with milk yield. Expression patterns of the casein genes alpha (α) S1 , (α) S2 , beta (β), and kappa (κ) (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, respectively) and the whey protein genes α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP; known as β-lactoglobulin) were shown to be comparable, i.e. transcripts of all six milk protein genes were found to peak during the first two weeks of lactation and to decline continuously towards mid lactation. However, mRNA levels were different among genes with CSN3 showing the highest and LALBA the lowest abundance. We hypothesized that milk protein gene expression has a pivotal effect on milk protein composition with no influence on milk protein concentration. This paper is the first to describe milk protein gene expression during lactation in pBMEC collected in milk. Future studies will be needed to understand molecular mechanisms in pBMEC including regulation of expression and translation throughout lactation.

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Gene Networks Driving Bovine Mammary Protein Synthesis during the Lactation cycle

Cited by 252 publications

References 79 publications

Mammary transcriptome analysis of lactating dairy cows following administration of bovine growth hormone

Mammary transcriptome analysis of lactating dairy cows following administration of bovine growth hormone

miR-148a and miR-17–5p synergistically regulate milk TAG synthesis via PPARGC1A and PPARA in goat mammary epithelial cells

Gene expression of six major milk proteins in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells isolated from milk during the first twenty weeks of lactation

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