Gene Locations for Heading Date Using Reciprocal Chromosome Substitutions in Winter Wheat¹

Abstract

Heading date, which is one of the developmental stages of wheat (Tritlcum aestivum L.) that contribute to maturity, is therefore significant trait from an economic standpoint. Reciprocal sets of chromosome substitution lines in duplicate between two hard red winter wheat cultivars, Cheyenne and Wichita, were used to identify chromosomes that carried genes for heading date. The materials were planted in the field at Lincoln, NE using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Heading dates were recorded when 50% of the plants in the two center rows of each four‐row plot had the basal spikelets emerged from the boots. Heading dates were converted to number of days to heading from 1 May for statistical analyses. Wichita appeared to carry major genes controlling heading date on chromosomes 3A and 3D, while Cheyenne carried major genes on 3A, 3D, and 6A. The genes from Wichita accelerated heading of Cheyenne and those from Cheyenne delayed heading of Wichita. Three types of responses were obtained with respect to the duplicates of each substitution line. In the first type, one duplicate differed significantly from its recipient parent but the duplicates did not differ significantly. This behavior could indicate a genetic control of heading date, with Cheyenne chromosomes 1D, 2D, 4D, and 5A having minor effects in Wichita background. In the second type, two lines had significant differences between duplicates and also between one duplicate and its recipient parent. This type of response suggested that there were differences in the genetic backgrounds of the duplicates and that additional backcrosses were needed. In the third type, two lines had significant differences between duplicates but none between either duplicate and its recipient parent, indicating a possible environmental effect.

Effects of Chromosome-Specific Introgression in Upland Cotton on Fiber and Agronomic Traits

“…Moreover, chromosome-specific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) or recombinant substituted (RS) lines can be used to separate, identify, and map gene(s) controlling agronomic traits and fiber traits by linkage with molecular markers (Kaeppler 1997;Shah et al 1999). Studies have demonstrated the advantages of QTL mapping using chromosome substitution and chromosome-specific recombinant lines in wheat, tomato, and mice (Zemetra et al 1986;Zemetra and Morris 1988;Yen and Baenziger 1992;Weide et al 1993;Shah et al 1999;Nadeau et al 2000;McDonald et al 2001). Indeed, we are developing RS populations to be used for high-resolution dissection and mapping of the QTL governing cotton yield and fiber qualities.…”

Genetic analysis of some flowering time and adaptive traits in wheat

“…Genes for ear-emergence per se on 3A (Kosner, 1987;Miura & Worland, 1994). 3A and 3B also efTect earemergence (Zemetra, Morris & Schmidt, 1986) Genes on 4A and 4B affecting ear-emergence per se (Hoogendoorn, 1985) Major genes on the long arms, sensitive to vernalization.…”

Effects of chromosome 5sh from Gossypium barbadense L. on flower production in G. hirsutum L.

“…Chromosome substitution lines have been used to identify the chromosome associations with traits of importance in wheat and other crops (Berke et al, 1992;Al-Qaudhy et al, 1988;Zemetra and Morris, 1986;Zemetra et al, 1988). Kohel et al (1977) and Ma and Kohel (1983) evaluated six cotton substitution lines and indicated some quantitative genes on the substituted chromosomes.…”