Gene knockouts that affect Sertoli cell function

Yan, Wei

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417047-6.00015-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…These null mutations included enzymes involved in RA synthesis, hormone response, small RNA biogenesis, components of membrane junctions, and transcription factors. In that review of the KO studies done so far, it was concluded that the results strongly supported the notion that Sertoli cells participated in virtually every aspect of spermatogenesis including structural support, signals to germ cells for progression through mitotic, meiotic and haploid phases, and “waste management and recycling” of apoptotic cells and residual bodies [ 70 ]. Clearly, the advantage of the gene KO approach is that there is a potential to determine the function of genes if a phenotype develops as a result of the gene deletion.…”

Section: Gene Expression In Sertoli Cells and Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It has been suggested that this is still a “nurse cell” function that is equivalent to emptying the bedpans. It is likely that there are several such “recycling and waste management” functions in the role of the Sertoli cells [ 4 , 70 ].…”

Section: Products Of Sertoli Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach to examination of gene expression in Sertoli cells and germ cells has been to utilize either global or conditional gene inactivation or gene knockout (KO) approaches. In a recent review listing of Sertoli cell-specific gene KO mouse lines, it was surprising that only about 40 lines of mice had been generated [ 70 ]. These null mutations included enzymes involved in RA synthesis, hormone response, small RNA biogenesis, components of membrane junctions, and transcription factors.…”

Section: Gene Expression In Sertoli Cells and Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells

Griswold

2018

Biology of Reproduction

158

109

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Abstract The complex morphology of the Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells has been a focus of investigators since they were first described by Enrico Sertoli. In the past 50 years, information on Sertoli cells has transcended morphology alone to become increasingly more focused on molecular questions. The goal of investigators has been to understand the role of the Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis and to apply that information to problems relating to male fertility. Sertoli cells are unique in that they are a nondividing cell population that is active for the reproductive lifetime of the animal and cyclically change morphology and gene expression. The numerous and distinctive junctional complexes and membrane specializations made by Sertoli cells provide a scaffold and environment for germ cell development. The increased focus of investigators on the molecular components and putative functions of testicular cells has resulted primarily from procedures that isolate specific cell types from the testicular milieu. Products of Sertoli cells that influence germ cell development and vice versa have been characterized from cultured cells and from the application of transgenic technologies. Germ cell transplantation has shown that the Sertoli cells respond to cues from germ cells with regard to developmental timing and has furthered a focus on spermatogenic stem cells and the stem cell niche. Very basic and universal features of spermatogenesis such as the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave are initiated by Sertoli cells and maintained by Sertoli-germ cell cooperation.

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Section: Gene Expression In Sertoli Cells and Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Products Of Sertoli Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Expression In Sertoli Cells and Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells

Griswold

2018

Biology of Reproduction

158

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The ‘nurse cell’ function in this case is equivalent to emptying the bedpans! There are likely several such mechanisms that are part of the nurse function(s) of Sertoli cells and they have been referred to as the ‘recycling and waste management’ functions (Yan et al ., ; Leichtmann‐Bardoogo et al ., ; Young et al ., ; Vogl et al ., ; Yan, ).…”

Section: Molecular Biology and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular ‘nurse cell’, not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell’s role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways.

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Sertoli cell PUMILIO proteins modulate mouse testis size through translational control of cell cycle regulators

Zhao

Xiao

Cao

et al. 2022

Biology of Reproduction

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Testis size determination is an important question of reproductive biology. Sertoli cells are known to be a key determinant of mammalian testis size but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previously we showed that highly conserved germ cell RNA binding proteins, PUMILIO1(PUM1) and PUMILIO2 (PUM2), control mouse organ and body size through translational regulation, but how different cell types of the organs contribute to their organ size regulation has not been established. Here we report a somatic role of PUM in gonad size determination. PUM1 is highly expressed in the Sertoli cells of the developing testis from embryonic and postnatal mice as well as in germ cells. Removal of Sertoli cell, but not germ cell, Pum1 gene, led to reduced testis size without significantly affecting sperm number or fertility. Knockout of PUM1 target, Cdkn1b, rescued the phenotype of reduced testis size, supporting a key role of Sertoli cell PUM1 mediated Cdkn1b repression in the testis size control. Furthermore, removal of Pum2 or both Pum1 and Pum2 in the Sertoli cells also only affected the testis size, not sperm development, with the biggest size reduction in Pum1/2 double knockout mice. We propose that PUM1 and PUM2 modulate the testis size through their synergistic translational regulation of cell cycle regulators in the Sertoli cell. Further investigation of the ovary or other organs could reveal if PUM-mediated translational control of cell proliferation of the supporting cell represents a general mechanism for organ size modulation.

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Gene knockouts that affect Sertoli cell function

Cited by 3 publications

References 147 publications

50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells

50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

Sertoli cell PUMILIO proteins modulate mouse testis size through translational control of cell cycle regulators

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