Gene introgression from common wheat into Aegilops L.

Abstract

Group of experiments were carried out to verify possibility of gene introgression from common wheat into . The artificial indoor crossbreed was conducted using 7 genotypes from 4 wheat relative species as female, and common wheat as male. The experiment result shows that different species has variable cross ability. Among the 4 Aegilops species, the highest cross rate is from the combination of × (46.49% for genotype Ae42, 22.58% for Y92), the second is from × (14.76% for Y100, 12.11% for Ae23), the third is from × (2.23% for Ae7, 8.50% for Y145), and the lowest is from × (0.19%). Hybrid embryos from different combinations have different ability of callus initiation and germination. The hybrid embryos from/ and / have a higher level of callus initiation and germination. / has a middle level, while the has a lower level. The interspecific hybrids between and common wheat have so low fertility. In back-crosses, the seed-set rate of hybrids of / is 3.71% and 4.36% respectively back-crossed with male and female parents, while for hybrids of /, they were 0 and 0.33% respectively, and for /, 0.33% and 0 respectively. On selfing of the hybrids, the seed-set rate is 0 (no seed set from 9750 florets) for the combination of /, 0.044% (3 selfed seeds out of 6870 florets) for / and 0 (no seed set from 7253 florets) for /. The research suggests that the probability of gene introgression from into species is very low in nature.

An Update of Recent Use of Aegilops Species in Wheat Breeding

“…The seed-setting rate with Aegilops as female parents is variable across these species. Yuan et al (2017) reported the rate was about 0.2% in Ae. speltoides × bread wheat, 2–9% in Ae.…”

“…tauschii × bread wheat crosses. Even though the initial seed-setting rate was a 47% (Yuan et al, 2017), the seedling formation rate dropped to 1%. Sehgal et al (2011) reported that an average of 35% initial embryo formation ended in an average of 7% F 1 plants.…”

Alien chromosome segment from Aegilops speltoides and Dasypyrum villosum increases drought tolerance in wheat via profuse and deep root system

“…Sequencing, expression studies, functional annotations, and high-throughput genomics analysis can accelerate allele mining for several traits in sets of chromosome segment substitution lines. Though genetic diversity in wild wheat is a useful resource for trait discovery, only limited numbers of wild relatives have been exploited due to the weedy morphology and low fertility of interspecific hybrids [17]. To utilize the genes and alleles conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance from wild relatives of wheat, different genetic materials in the form of addition, substitution, and translocation lines have been developed after laborious efforts in the last few decades [18].…”

Production of synthetic wheat lines to exploit the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and D genome containing Aegilops species in wheat breeding

“…ventricosa. Yuan, et al 47 reported the production of Ae. cylindrica × T. aestivum hybrids that showed 0 to less that 1% seed set in back-crosses.…”