Gene introgression and consequences in
            <i>Brassica</i>
            .

Jørgensen, Rikke Bagger; Ammitzbøll, Henriette; Hansen, Lise Bach; Johannessen, Mona; Andersen, Bente; Hauser, Thure P.

doi:10.1079/9780851998169.0253

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, the development of transgenic hybrid progeny is expected to be slow in conventionally managed fields. Only two introgressed plants beyond the F1 stage were found in 2,450 plants from eight populations of weedy B. rapa in conventionally managed oilseed rape fields in Denmark (Jørgensen et al 2004). Weedy relatives growing in less intensively managed fields or in fields that are left fallow in the years following the growing of oilseed rape, may, however, escape weed control.…”

Section: Diplotaxis Muralis and Diplotaxis Tenuifoliamentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Devos

Schrijver

Reheul

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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In order to estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP) between genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and certain of its cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. A gene flow index was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation: wild/weedy relatives and oilseed rape should co-occur, have overlapping flowering periods, be compatible, produce viable and fertile progeny, and the transgenes should persist in natural/weedy populations. Each step was described and scored, resulting in an IHP value for each cross-compatible oilseed rape wild/weedy relative. The gene flow index revealed that Brassica rapa has the highest introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP value = 11.5), followed by Hirschfeldia incana and Raphanus raphanistrum (IHP = 6.7), Brassica juncea (IHP = 5.1), Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Sinapis arvensis (IHP = 4.5) in Flanders. Based on the IHP values, monitoring priorities can be defined within the pool of cross-compatible wild/weedy oilseed rape relatives. Moreover, the developed approach enables to select areas where case-specific monitoring of GM oilseed rape could be done in order to detect potential adverse effects on cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives resulting from vertical gene flow. The implementation of the proposed oilseed rape-wild relative gene flow index revealed that the survey design of existing botanical survey networks does not suit general surveillance needs of GM crops in Belgium. The encountered hurdles to implement the gene flow index and proposals to acquire the missing data are discussed.

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Section: Diplotaxis Muralis and Diplotaxis Tenuifoliamentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Devos

Schrijver

Reheul

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Subsequently, transgenes must be transmitted through successive backcross generations or selfing, so that they become stabilised into the genome of the recipient (de Jong and Rong, ; Garnier et al., ). Because of these barriers (Luijten et al., ), reported incidences of hybrids and backcrosses with B. rapa were therefore found to be low in fields (Jørgensen et al., ; Norris et al., ; Warwick et al., ; Elling et al., ), or at ports, along roadsides, and riverbanks (Saji et al., ; Aono et al., , ; Yoshimura et al., ; Elling et al., ; Katsuta et al., ; Luijten et al., ).…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of the Three‐event Stack Oilseed Rape Ms8 × mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on an application by Bayer CropScience and Monsanto (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2009‐75) for placing on the market of genetically modified glufosinate‐ammonium‐ and glyphosate‐tolerant oilseed rape MS8 × RF3 × GT73 and subcombinations, which have not been authorised previously (i.e. MS8 × GT73 and RF3 × GT73) independently of their origin, for food and feed uses, import and processing, with the exception of isolated seed protein for food, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003

2016

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) previously assessed the three single events that are combined to produce the three‐event stack oilseed rape (OSR) MS8 × RF3 × GT73. In this Scientific Opinion, the GMO Panel assessed the three‐event stack OSR and subcombinations that have not been authorised previously (i.e. MS8 × GT73 and RF3 × GT73), independently of their origin, for food and feed uses, import and processing, with the exception of isolated seed protein for food. The combination of OSR events, MS8, RF3 and GT73, in the three‐event stack OSR does not raise issues relating to molecular, agronomic/phenotypic or compositional characteristics requiring further investigations. In line with previous assessments and considering the scope of this application, the GMO Panel did not find indications of safety concern for food and feed with trace levels of glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX)v247 protein derived from the three‐event stack OSR; whereas, the GMO Panel cannot assess the safety of three‐event stack OSR products rich in protein, such as rapeseed protein isolates in feed. As the risk assessment of the three‐event stack OSR could not be completed for products rich in protein, such as rapeseed protein isolates, the GMO Panel is not in a position to complete the food and feed safety assessment of subcombinations within the scope of this application (i.e. MS8 × GT73 and RF3 × GT73). The two‐event stack OSR MS8 × RF3 is outside the scope of this application. Considering the scope of this application, the mode of action of the introduced traits and the data available for the three‐event and two‐event stack OSR MS8 × RF3, the GMO Panel considered that different combinations of the events, MS8, RF3 and GT73, would not raise environmental concerns.

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“…Brassica rapa: Evidence of introgression of transgenes of oilseed rape into wild/weedy B. rapa populations was given in field experiments (Bing et al, 1996;Hansen et al, 2001;Jørgensen et al, 2004) and commercial agricultural settings (Norris et al, 2004;Warwick et al, 2003). Depending on the parental genotypes, experimental design, agricultural practices and site, the hybrid frequencies ranged from 0 to 69% (Jørgensen et al, 1999.…”

Section: Hybridization and Introgression With Wild Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that in agricultural fields, the extent of vertical gene flow from oilseed rape towards certain weedy relatives will depend on the agricultural and weed control practices. The development of HT weedy relatives is expected to be slow in conventionally managed fields (Hauser et al, 2003;Jørgensen et al, 2004;Norris et al, 2004;Pertl et al, 2002).…”

Section: Hybridization and Introgression With Wild Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

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Gene introgression and consequences in Brassica .

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

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