Gene‐induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cells in the mouse

Mintz, Beatrice; Russell, Elizabeth S.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401340202

Cited by 520 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since Kit signaling is essential for survival and proliferation of germ cells [25,27,48], we can hypothesize that one of the mechanisms by which Sox2 ablation affects PGCs is through downregulation of Kit transcription. Although it is generally accepted that Kit is not strictly required for the establishment of the germline [49], more recent work has shown that PGCs are dependent on Kitl expression from the surrounding environment as early as at the time of their specification [50]. Moreover, by using an EGFP reporter gene driven by Kit regulatory sequences, we now show that the Kit locus is transcriptionally active at the time of PGC specification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Essential Role of Sox2 for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Germ Cell Line

et al. 2013

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Sox2 is a pluripotency-conferring gene expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and postnatal oocytes, but the role it plays during germ cell development and early embryogenesis is unknown. Since Sox2 ablation causes early embryonic lethality shortly after blastocyst implantation, we generated mice bearing Sox2-conditional deletion in germ cells at different stages of their development through the Cre/loxP recombination system. Embryos lacking Sox2 in PGCs show a dramatic decrease of germ cell numbers at the time of their specification. At later stages, we found that Sox2 is strictly required for PGC proliferation. On the contrary, Sox2 deletion in meiotic oocytes does not impair postnatal oogenesis and early embryogenesis, indicating that it is not essential for oocyte maturation or for zygotic development. We also show that Sox2 regulates Kit expression in PGCs and binds to discrete transcriptional regulatory sequences of this gene, which is known to be important for PGCs survival and proliferation. Sox2 also stimulates the expression of Zfp148, which is required for normal development of fetal germ cells, and Rif1, a potential regulator of PGC pluripotency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Essential Role of Sox2 for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Germ Cell Line

et al. 2013

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“…The cells in the outer region of the AP-positive single layered cells showed esterase activity in the hgn/hgn (data not shown), suggesting that they would be adult type Leydig cells [8,10]. DISCUSSION AP activity has been often used as a marker for PGCs [6,16,19]. Some reports have indicated that AP activity is associated with some of the spermatogonia in adult testis [2,25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, AP activity remained until 18 days of age in the hgn/hgn testis, suggesting that the remaining germ cells in the hgn/hgn testis would be PGCs and could not differentiate into the normal spermatogonia. The W/+ (white spotting) and Sl/+ (steel) mutant mice have been known to have defects in the migration and proliferation of the PGCs [15,19]. The grc/ grc (growth and reproduction complex) mutant rat has been reported to have an abnormal arrest in spermatogenesis at the early pachytene stage [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Male Hypogonadic Rat (hgn/hgn) Testis during Postnatal Development.

Suzuki

Inaba

Suzuki

1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In male hypogonadic mutant rat (hgn/hgn), gonocytes degenerate and peritubular cells form multiple layers around seminiferous tubules during early postnatal testicular development. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity has been used as not only a tracer for the primordial germ cells (PGCs) but also a histochemical marker for the peritubular myoid cells. In the present study, we examined the localization of AP activity during the postnatal testicular development in the hgn/hgn and phenotypically normal (+/+ or +/hgn) rat. In the normal testis, high AP activity was located in the surface of the PGCs on 3 days of age. As the PGCs differentiated into spermatogonia, the AP activity drastically decreased in intensity on 7 days and was completely lost by 12 days. In the hgn/hgn, the PGCs showing high AP activity occupied the inside of dilated seminiferous tubules on 3 and 7 days of age. The luminal AP activity declined gradually by 18 days and disappeared on 21 days, when the germ cells completely degenerated in the hgn/hgn testis. In the normal, high AP activity emerged in a layer of the peritubular cells surrounding the tubules on 7 days and afterwards, indicating that the peritubular cells were differentiating into myoid cells. In the hgn/hgn, the peritubular cells formed multiple layers around the tubules and showed weak AP activity on 3 to 18 days of age. On 21 days of age, high AP activity emerged in a single layer of the peritubular cells directly attached to the basement membrane in the hgn/hgn. These results indicate that the PGCs showing AP activity kept remained at later stage in the hgn/ hgn and that the single layer of mature myoid cells showing high AP activity appeared much later in the hgn/hgn testis than in normal. -KEY WORDS: alkaline phosphatase, hypogonadism, peritubular myoid cell, primordial germ cell, testicular development.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60(6): 671-679, 1998 cells, the abnormal cell division of the gonocytes, the degeneration of the gonocytes, and the formation of multiple layers of the peritubular cells around the seminiferous tubules [32]. Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are membranelinked enzymes that hydrolyze orthophosphate monoesters at alkaline pH [4]. In normal murine testis, AP activity is predominantly localized in the gonocytes and the myoid cells [2,11,16,22]. In this study, we examine the temporal and spatial distribution of AP activity in the postnatal hgn/ hgn and normal (+/+ or hgn/hgn) testis to investigate the distribution and development of the hgn/hgn gonocytes and peritubular myoid cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Male normal and hgn/hgn rats used in this study were obtained from matings between proven +/hgn males and females derived from the 21st generation of hypogonadic rat (HGN) line maintained in our department [29]. The rats were kept in a conventional animal room, and were fed a mixed grain diet and water ad libitum [31].Preparation of cryosectioned testis samples: The rats were sacrificed on 3, 7, 12, 18, 21, and 40 days after birth by overdose ether. Th...

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“…D'autres facteurs sont impliqués dans la survie, la prolifération et la migration des PGC. C'est le cas, par exemple, des mutations dominant white spoting (W) et le locus Steel [12]. Ces locus codent, respectivement, pour c-kit et son ligand le facteur Steel (SF) [35], mais leur rôle n'est pas encore élucidé.…”

Section: Revues Synthèseunclassified