Gene frequencies of human platelet alloantigens in Bahraini Arabs

Abstract

Human platelet antigens (HPA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of certain hematological disorders, and as varied distribution of HPA-1 alleles and genotypes were reported for different countries and ethnic populations, we determined the distribution of HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 alleles, genotypes and haplotypes for 194 healthy Bahraini subjects by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. The distribution of the HPA polymorphisms was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies of 0.76 and 0.24 (HPA-1a and -1b), 0.77 and 0.23 (HPA-2a and -2b), 0.57 and 0.43 (HPA-3a and -3b), 0.93 and 0.07 (HPA-4a and -4b), and 0.86 and 0.13 (HPA-5a and -5b) were seen. With the exception of HPA-3a/a (30.4%), the frequencies of homozygous HPA1a/a (56.8%), 2a/a (60.1%), 4a/a (87.2%), and 5a/a (75.7%) were higher than those of heterozygous (a/b) or homozygous (b/b) variants. Our results provide basic information for further studies of the HPA system polymorphism, which in turn will be instrumental in understanding and treating immune-mediated platelet disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 82:242-244, 2007. V V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Allele frequencies of the human platelet antigen-1 in the Egyptian population

“…As shown in Table 2 , the Egyptians show an HPA-1 allele frequency that is similar to previously studied Arab populations (Tunisian, Moroccan, and Bahraini) except for the Lebanese [ 21 - 24 ]. The Egyptians have a slightly higher frequency of HPA-1b when compared to the Caucasian population (European and White American) [ 8 , 25 - 28 ].…”

Gene frequency of human platelet alloantigens‐1 to ‐6 and ‐15 in Saudi blood donors

“…We found the prevalence of 2b allele in Saudis higher than in Jordanians (Salem et al, 2014) and Algerians (Brouk et al, 2010), (P = 0·002) (P = 0·003); however, neighbouring Bahrainis show significant prevalence of HPA-4b allele (Al-Subaie et al, 2007) compared to Saudis (P = 0·022). We also found the distribution of the other HPA systems in Saudis similar to those reported among Arabs (Table 3).…”

“…As for the Far Eastern populations, in White Australians (Bennett et al, 2002), and like other Europeans (see above), Table 3. Alleles relative frequency of HPA-1 to -5 and -15 systems in Saudis (present study) and various worldwide populations HPA relative frequency % Population (Ref) n 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 15a 15b Arab Saudi (present study) 100 80 20 71 29 65 35 99 1 80 20 100 0 47 53 Saudis (Al-Sheikh et al, 2000) 84 79·8 20·2 81 19 88·1 11·9 96·4 3·6 83·9 16·1 NA NA NA NA Jordanian (Salem et al, 2014) 116 82·1 17·9 87·7 12·3 66 34 100 0 79·5 20·5 NA NA NA NA Bahraini (Al-Subaie et al, 2007) 194 76 24 76·7 23·3 56·8 43·2 93·2 6·8 86·1 13·2 NA NA NA NA Lebanese (Sabbagh et al, 2007) 205 81 19 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Egyptians (Salem et al, 2014) 230 76·7 23·3 75·9 24·1 70·4 29·6 100 0 72·8 27·2 NA NA NA NA Algerian (Brouk et al, 2010) 485 83·5 16·5 83·5 16·5 63 37 100 0 84·3 15·7 NA NA 53 47 Asia Japanese (Tanaka et al, 1995) 73 99·8 0·2 90 10 71·8 28·2 98·9 1·1 97·3 2·7 97·3 2·7 NA NA Indonesian (Liu et al, 2002) 107 99·1 0·9 93·9 6·1 50·5 49·5 100 0 99·5 0·5 96·7 3·3 NA NA Vietnamese (Halle et al, 2004) 120 98·6 1·4 95·3 4·7 48·6 51·4 100 0 97·2 2·8 98·6 1·4 47·7 52·3 Korean (Seo et al, 1998) 200 98·8 1·2 92·3 7·7 55·5 44·5 99 1 97·8 2·2 98 2 NA NA Taiwanese (Shih et al, 2003) 300 99·6 0·3 96 4 57·5 42·5 99·8 0·2 98·5 1·5 96·3 3·7 53·8 46·2 Pakistani (Bhatti et al, 2010) 593 88·5 11·5 92 8 69 31 100 0 90 10 NA NA 59 41 Chinese (Feng et al, 2006) 1000 99·4 0·6 95·15 4·85 59·45 40·55 99·55 0·45 98·6 1·4 98·65 1·35 53·20 46·80 Indian (Kulkarni et al, 2005) 1164 92·4 7·6 99·8 0·2 1·0 99 99·5 0·5 95·6 4·4 99·2 0·8 NA NA Europe Norwegian (Randen et al, 2003) 105 86·7 13·3 94·3 5·7 47·1 52·9 100 0 92·9 7·1 NA NA 49·5 50·5 British (Jones et al, 2003) 134 84 16 92·5 7·5 62·7 37·3 100 0 91·4 8·6 100 0 52·4 47·6 Italian (Mazzucco et al, 2000) 144 85 15 89 11 61 39 100 0 90 10 100 0 NA NA Czech (Korinkova et al, 1999) 235 83 17 90 10 59 41 NA NA 93 7 NA NA NA NA Swiss (Boehlen et al, 2003) 500 80·9 19·1 91·8 10·9 59·1 40·7 99·7 0·3 93·4 6·6 NA NA NA NA French (Merieux et al, 1997) 800 84·8 15·2 92 8 62 38 NA NA 8...…”

Human platelet antigen 1-6, 9 and 15 in the Iranian population: An anthropological genetic analysis

“…The only HPA with "b" allele but no "bb" genotype is HPA1, indicating that all "b" alleles are in the heterozygous form. This pattern can also be seen in most East-Asian countries [15][16][17][18][19][20] , though not common among Europeans [21][22][23][24] , Africans [25][26][27] , and other people in the Middle-East [28][29][30][31] . It is noteworthy to mention that, among the 36 populations studied, the Pygmies and Japanese showed merely "a" allele and "aa" genotype in HPA1 26,32 .…”