Gene flow and hybridisation in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain

Valbuena‐Carabaña, María; González‐Martínez, Santiago C.; Sork, Victoria L.; Collada, Carmen; Soto, Álvaro; Goicoechea, P. G.; Gil, Luis

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800752

Cited by 116 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In two studies carried out on the wind-dispersed conifer P. pinaster, GonzalezMartinez et al (2002GonzalezMartinez et al ( , 2006 found mean seed dispersal distances ranging from 26.53 m to 58.16 m, but P. pinaster has heavier seeds that limit its dispersion and their studied area was smaller. In three oak species mean seed dispersal distances detected by means of parentage analysis ranged between 14 and 42 m, but in these species dispersal is mainly determined by gravity, and the rare LDD events are caused by birds and rodents (Dow and Ashley, 1996;Valbuena-Carabañ a et al, 2005). Our results can be explained considering the low mass (B10 mg) of P. abies seeds and their seed wing (Bernetti, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Spruce colonization at treeline: where do those seeds come from?

et al. 2009

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At treeline, selection by harsh environmental conditions sets an upward limit to arboreal vegetation. Increasing temperatures and the decline of traditional animal raising have favoured an upward shift of treeline in the last decades. These circumstances create a unique opportunity to study the balance of the main forces (selection and gene flow) that drive tree migration. We conducted a parentage analysis sampling and genotyping with five microsatellite markers in all Norway spruce individuals (342 juveniles and 23 adults) found in a recently colonized treeline area (Paneveggio forest, Eastern Alps, Italy). Our goal was to evaluate local reproductive success versus gene flow from the outside. We were able to identify both parents among local adults for only 11.1% of the juveniles. In the gamete pool we sampled, two-thirds were not produced locally. Effective seed dispersal distance distribution was characterized by a peak far from the seed source (mean 344.66 m ± 191.02 s.d.). Reproductive success was skewed, with six local adults that generated almost two-thirds (62.4%) of juveniles with local parents. Our findings indicate that, although a few local adults seem to play an important role in the colonization process at treeline, large levels of gene flow from outside were maintained, suggesting that the potential advantages of local adults (such as local adaptation, proximity to the colonization area, phenological synchrony) did not prevent a large gamete immigration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Spruce colonization at treeline: where do those seeds come from?

et al. 2009

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“…However, the Mediterranean basin is home to over two-dozen little studied white oak species (Amaral Franco, 1990;Denk and Grimm, 2010), many of them with restricted distribution ranges and little economic importance, but with a prominent ecological role. These species show evidences of recurrent and ongoing gene flow, as indicated by the sharing of chloroplast DNA variants with strong biogeographic structure (Olalde et al, 2002;Petit et al, 2002) and by the occurrence of hybrid/admixed trees in sympatric populations (Valbuena-Carabaña et al, 2005;Curtu et al, 2007;Lepais and Gerber, 2011). Furthermore, all our data suggest their genomes maintain a large degree of synteny (Casasoli et al, 2006;Bodénès et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A linkage disequilibrium perspective on the genetic mosaic of speciation in two hybridizing Mediterranean white oaks

et al. 2014

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We analyzed the genetic mosaic of speciation in two hybridizing Mediterranean white oaks from the Iberian Peninsula (Quercus faginea Lamb. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd.). The two species show ecological divergence in flowering phenology, leaf morphology and composition, and in their basic or acidic soil preferences. Ninety expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) and eight nuclear SSRs were genotyped in 96 trees from each species. Genotyping was designed in two steps. First, we used 69 markers evenly distributed over the 12 linkage groups (LGs) of the oak linkage map to confirm the species genetic identity of the sampled genotypes, and searched for differentiation outliers. Then, we genotyped 29 additional markers from the chromosome bins containing the outliers and repeated the multilocus scans. We found one or two additional outliers within four saturated bins, thus confirming that outliers are organized into clusters. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was extensive; even for loosely linked and for independent markers. Consequently, score tests for association between two-marker haplotypes and the 'species trait' showed a broad genomic divergence, although substantial variation across the genome and within LGs was also observed. We discuss the influence of several confounding effects on neutrality tests and review the evolutionary processes leading to extensive LD. Finally, we examine how LD analyses within regions that contain outlier clusters and quantitative trait loci can help to identify regions of divergence and/or genomic hitchhiking in the light of predictions from ecological speciation theory.

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“…The exclusion probabilities for the microsatellites are high and theoretically 4-6 loci are fully adequate to determine parentage (Valbuena-Carabana et al, 2005;Dow and Ashley, 1996). Taking into account the high exclusion probabilities, the nature of a relatively isolated stand and the high frequency of fathers found, cryptic gene flow in this study was assumed to be low and was therefore not calculated.…”

Section: Molecular Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization between Quercus robur and Q. petraea in a mixed oak stand in Denmark

Jensen¹,

Larsen²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Hybridization and mating pattern between Quercus robur and Q. petraea was studied in a 5.8 ha mixed forest stand in Jutland, Denmark which comprises in total 135 Quercus robur and 230 Q. petraea trees. Classification of the oak trees into species was performed using canonical discriminant analysis of a range of leaf morphological traits. Adult trees (365) and offspring (582) were genotyped with eight microsatellite markers. Seedlings were sampled in 2003 and acorns were collected in 2004.• Mating patterns of Q. robur and Q. petraea are expected to be different in the northern range of the distribution area and a larger hybridization rate is expected. It is further expected, that pollination from outside sources will be relatively less in small fragmented forest management systems compared to large scale oak forest. The conclusions should be verified through repeated year to year analysis of the mating pattern.• Phenological studies revealed that there was no difference in flowering time between species. Data for the adult trees revealed no significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg proportions and there was weak, but significant spatial genetic structure, which supports the idea that the stand is of natural origin. Spatial genetic structure in the first distance class is stronger for Q. petraea. The genetic composition of the offspring was remarkably consistent from year to year. Paternity analysis revealed that, on average, 85% pollination came from fathers within the stand. The direction of the pollen flow varied from year to year. Inter-specific hybridization was high and ranged from 15-17% and from 48-55% for Q. petraea and Q. robur mothers respectively. Paternity analysis revealed that the population was basically outcrossing and only 3.7% of the analysed progeny were the product of selfing. Over the two years of study, approximately 200 trees contributed to the paternity of the next generations.• The study confirms earlier studies with a greater tendency for Q. robur mothers to produce hybrid seeds than Q. petraea mothers. The rate of hybridization is higher in this Danish stand than in comparable studies elsewhere in Europe. Gene flow from outside sources are relatively low. • Des études phénologiques montrent qu'il n'y a pas de différence entre les espèces pour la période de floraison. Les données sur arbres adultes ne révèlent aucun écart significatif par rapport aux proportions attendues de la loi de Hardy-Weinberg. Une structuration spatiale faible mais significative a été mise en évidence, qui suggère l'idée que le peuplement est d'origine naturelle. Cette structuration est plus forte pour Q. petraea. La composition génétique des descendances est remarquablement stable d'une année sur l'autre. Les analyses de paternité révèlent qu'en moyenne 85 % de la pollinisation provient de pères du peuplement. Le sens de pollinisation varie d'une année sur l'autre. Le taux d'hybrides interspécifiques est élevé et varie de 15-17 % et de 48-55 % respectivement pour Q. petraea et Q. robur. Les études de p...

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Gene flow and hybridisation in a mixed oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea (Matts.) Liebl.) in central Spain

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Spruce colonization at treeline: where do those seeds come from?

Spruce colonization at treeline: where do those seeds come from?

A linkage disequilibrium perspective on the genetic mosaic of speciation in two hybridizing Mediterranean white oaks

Hybridization between Quercus robur and Q. petraea in a mixed oak stand in Denmark

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