Gene expression, serum amino acid levels, and growth performance of pigs fed dietary leucine and lysine at different ratios

García, Hugo; Morales, Adriana; Araiza, Alfonso; Htoo, J. K.; Cervantes, M.

doi:10.4238/2015.march.6.6

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Leu is an indispensable AA, but it may also have adverse effects on feed intake (FI) and growth when given in excess amounts in relation to other AA, particularly in relation to valine and isoleucine. Recent studies found that SID Leu : Lys levels of 140% and 150% in diets with the required amounts of valine and isoleucine, respectively, reduced the FI and growth of the pigs (Wiltafsky et al, 2010;García et al, 2015). Other studies have shown that excessive Leu can directly impair the appetite of pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the leucine and histidine requirements for piglets fed a low-protein diet

Wessels

Kluge

Mielenz

et al. 2016

Animal

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Reduction of the CP content in the diets of piglets requires supplementation with crystalline essential amino acids (AA). Data on the leucine (Leu) and histidine (His) requirements of young pigs fed low-CP diets are limited and have primarily been obtained from nonlinear models. However, these models do not consider the possible decline in appetite and growth that can occur when pigs are fed excessive amounts of AA such as Leu. Therefore, two dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the standardised ileal digestible (SID) Leu : lysine (Lys) and His : Lys required to optimise the growth performance of young pigs. In both studies, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain-to-feed ratio (G : F) were determined during a 6-week period. To ensure that the diets had sub-limiting Lys levels, a preliminary Lys dose-response study was conducted. In the Leu study, 60 35-day-old piglets of both sexes were randomly assigned to one of five treatments and fed a low-CP diet (15%) with SID Leu : Lys levels of 83%, 94%, 104%, 115% or 125%. The His study used 120 31-day-old piglets of both sexes, which were allotted to one of five treatments and fed a low-CP diet (14%) with SID His : Lys levels of 22%, 26%, 30%, 34% or 38%. Linear broken-line, curvilinear-plateau and quadratic-function models were used for estimations of SID Leu : Lys and SID His : Lys. The minimum SID Leu : Lys level needed to maximise ADG, ADFI and G : F was, on average, 101% based on the linear broken-line and curvilinear-plateau models. Using the quadratic-function model, the minimum SID Leu : Lys level needed to maximise ADG, ADFI and G : F was 108%. Data obtained from the quadratic-function analysis further showed that a ±10% deviation from the identified Leu requirement was accompanied by a small decline in the ADG (−3%). The minimum SID His : Lys level needed to maximise ADG, ADFI and G : F was 27% and 28% using the linear broken-line and curvilinear-plateau models, respectively, and 33% using the quadratic-function model. The preferred model to estimate the His requirement was the curvilinear-plateau model. However, a 10% reduction in the SID His : Lys level was associated with an 11% reduction in the ADG. In conclusion, the SID Leu : Lys level needed to maximise growth was 108% when using the quadratic-function model as the best-fitting model. The minimum SID His : Lys level required to optimise growth was 28% when using the curvilinear-plateau model as the best-fitting model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the leucine and histidine requirements for piglets fed a low-protein diet

Wessels

Kluge

Mielenz

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…These results demonstrate that levels higher than those used in the present study (1.70%) may reduce FCR. The effects of SID leucine on FCR may be related to the expression of the cationic AA transporter (b 0,+ ), which is responsible for the absorption of leucine and lysine in the gut (GARCIA et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine levels in low protein diets for pigs in the initial phase

Huepa

Fachinello

Esteves

et al. 2017

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) leucine levels in low crude protein diets on Performance, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and biochemical blood parameters of starting pigs. A total of 50 pigs, with initial weight of 11.14±0.24 kg; were distributed in a randomized blocks design with five treatments (1.10; 1.25; 1.40; 1.55 and 1.70% SID leucine), five replicates and two animals per experimental unit, comprised for a barrow and a gilt. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced (P=0.018) due to the increasing SID leucine levels, without affecting other growth performance parameters (final weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and lean meat percentage). There was a quadratic effect for plasma triglyceride (P=0.049) and plasma urea (P=0.001). The optimal SID leucine levels obtained for triglycerides and urea were 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively, by associating the quadratic model with the Linear Response Plateu. Low crude protein diets with SID leucine levels up to 1.70% improved the feed conversion with desired urea and triglycerides concentration in blood plasma achieved at 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively.

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“…The weaned normal and IUGR piglets were fed a basal diet (1.45% l-leucine) or a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine for a 21-day trial. The dose of 0.35% for leucine concentration in the present study was determined on the basis of previous reports [26,27].…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of serum leucine were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method (Venusil-AA HPLC column; Agela Technologies, Newark, DE, USA) according to our previous study [26].…”

Section: Determination Of Serum Glucose Insulin and Leucine Concentrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Leucine Supplementation Restores Serum Glucose Levels, and Modifying Hepatic Gene Expression Related to the Insulin Signal Pathway in IUGR Piglets

Zhang

Han

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: Intrauterine malnutrition may compromise the size and structure of fetal organs and tissues, which leads to lower birth weight and a slower rate of growth after weaning. Intrauterine growth restriction/retardation (IUGR) impairs pancreas function, resulting in the decreased glucose levels in serum. Leucine, one of branched chain amino acids, is an essential amino acid and the substrate of protein synthesis. Leucine also acts as a major regulator of hormone signal transduction, like insulin. Dietary branched chain amino acids or leucine have beneficial effects on the glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis of muscle. Leucine supplementation improves the insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle and then influences the systemic glucose homeostasis. However, it is still unclear whether leucine supplementation would alter insulin sensitivity in IUGR neonatal piglets. Our results showed that dietary leucine supplementation restored serum glucose concentrations, increased insulin and creatinine concentrations, and enhanced protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit and glucose transporter type 2 expression. These findings suggest that leucine might play a positive role in hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in IUGR. Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine with different levels on the insulin resistance in intrauterine growth restriction/retardation (IUGR) piglets. Thirty-two weaned piglets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design and four treatments (n = 8) were as follow: (1) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet (CONT), (2) IUGR weaned piglets fed a basal diet (IUGR), (3) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (C-LEU), and (4) IUGR fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (I-LEU) for a 21-days trial. The results showed that compared to the IUGR group, the I-LEU group had higher final body weight and body weight gain, higher serum glucose concentrations, and higher serum insulin concentrations (p < 0.05). The gene expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110 gamma, protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit, glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha, and glucose transporter type 2 were increased in the I-LEU group as compared to the IUGR group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary leucine supplementation restored serum glucose concentrations, increased insulin and creatinine concentrations, and enhanced protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit and glucose transporter type 2 expression, suggesting that leucine might play a positive role in hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in IUGR.

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Gene expression, serum amino acid levels, and growth performance of pigs fed dietary leucine and lysine at different ratios

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Estimation of the leucine and histidine requirements for piglets fed a low-protein diet

Estimation of the leucine and histidine requirements for piglets fed a low-protein diet

Leucine levels in low protein diets for pigs in the initial phase

Dietary Leucine Supplementation Restores Serum Glucose Levels, and Modifying Hepatic Gene Expression Related to the Insulin Signal Pathway in IUGR Piglets

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