Gene expression profiling of somatic and pluripotent cells reveals novel pathways involved in reprogramming

Abstract

ABSTRACT. We investigated gene expression in embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and fibroblasts. Microarray expression data sets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed using the Partek software. Human genes from ES cells, iPS cells, and fibroblasts were ranked from low to high according to their expression levels. The gene expression mode in iPS cells was much more like the mode in ES cells, and the expression levels of fibroblast genes fluctuated more dramatically than those of iPS and ES cells. The number of genes with significantly different expression was lower in the iPS and ES cells. Several genes with the expression levels that were significantly different between ES and iPS cells were found, including LEFTY2, DLK1, and NLRP2. Four genes belonged to the low expression category in fibroblasts with the high expression category occurring in ES cells, i.e., HESRG, PROM1, NTS, and LRRN1. Analyzing the expression of these genes is helpful to elucidate the mechanisms of cell fate regulation and efficiently obtain iPS cells.

Array expression meta-analysis of cancer stem cell genes identifies upregulation of PODXL especially in DCC low expression meningiomas

“…LRRN1 is associated with neuroepithelial boundary formations and its temporal expression changes during mammalian neural progenitor cell development [79, 80]. In embryonic SCs, LRRN1 , alias NLRR1, was one of four genes markedly higher expressed than in fibroblasts [81] and in a xenograft mouse model, LRRN1 expression in neuroblastoma cells resulted in enhanced tumor growth [82]. OLFML3 has been identified as a proangiogenic factor [83].…”

Yin and Yang of Pluripotency: Results of Analysis of Genes Overexpressed In Tumor-Initiating Cells of Krebs-2 Ascites Carcinoma

“…Для гена Nts участие в формировании плюрипотентного фенотипа показано лишь в случае т.н. индуцированных плюрипотентных клеток [216]. И, наконец, для гена Crabp2 нет доказательств участия в формировании стволовости, а лишь показана специфическая экспрессия в нормальных и опухолевых стволовых клетках [217,218], что в сочетании с его непосредственным участием в метаболизме ретиноевых кислот и их производных делает его привлекательным в качестве потенциального маркера стволовости как опухолевых, так и нормальных стволовых клеток.…”

Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency

“…Thus, for Cd55 and Il10 , no direct contribution to the formation or maintenance of stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent cells was proved, but the essential role in the realization of the reparative functions of mesenchymal and autologous-induced pluripotent stem cells by dint of the immunosuppressive action of the protein products of these genes was demonstrated (Ardianto et al, 2010 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; de Almeida et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2015b ). The role of Nts in the formation of the pluripotent phenotype has been proved only in the case of the so-called induced pluripotent cells (Cai et al, 2015 ). And, finally, for Crabp2 there was no direct evidence of its participation in the formation of stemness, but only demonstration of specific expression in normal human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and in polycythemia vera-derived tumor stem cells (Steidl et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2010 ).…”