Gene Expression Profiling of Liver and Mammary Tissues of Lactating Dairy Cows

Baik, Myunggi; Etchebarne, Brett; Bong, Jin Jong; VandeHaar, M.J.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2009.90061

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, genes that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as those encoding gluconeogenesis and propionate metabolism enzymes (including PCK1), were expressed more in liver than mammary tissues [4,167]. However, the related PCK2 gene shows a small difference in expression between mammary gland and liver [4,163,167]. Other studies showed that the PCK2 gene might also be active in glyceroneogenesis in lipogenic tissues (adipose tissues) during fasting or restricted feed intake [54,125] and in the epithelial cells of mammary tissue during lactation [62].…”

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gene expression studies are revealing the extent to which different genes are involved in different tissues [4,135,163,167]. For example, genes that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as those encoding gluconeogenesis and propionate metabolism enzymes (including PCK1), were expressed more in liver than mammary tissues [4,167].…”

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gene-based mapping and pathway analysis indicated that three pathways (steroid hormone biosynthesis, ether lipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism) jointly affect the concentrations of NEFA, BHBA and glucose in cows during the transition period [53]. The key genes that are involved in regulating energy metabolism in multiple tissues include PPRA, PCK1, PCK, ACACA, FASN, FBP2, FABP3, PPARGC1A, ACSL1, PPARGC1A, AGPAT6, PCCA, LPIN1, ACO, CPT-I, CPT-II and ACSL [4,15,27,94,131,163]. These genes are involved in fatty acid uptake (mainly in the liver and mammary gland), mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketone body metabolism (ketogenesis) and cholesterol metabolism (in liver) early in lactation in dairy cattle [135] and are discussed in the following tissue-specific sections in more detail.…”

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Nayeri

Stothard

2016

Springer Science Reviews

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Milk and dairy products are valuable sources of food for humans. Increased milk yield and changes in milk composition in dairy cows have been achieved through a variety of means including better nutrition, management and genetic selection. This selection can be performed without consideration of the specific genes and genetic variation involved. However, association analysis using dense SNP genotyping panels provides an approach for identifying genomic regions affecting milk production. Coupling physiological and metabolic information with association analysis results can provide greater insight into the specific genetic variants and molecular mechanisms affecting production traits as well as the potential effects of these variants on fertility in dairy cattle. To this end, this review highlights key tissues, metabolic pathways and genes of importance in lactating dairy cattle, particularly early in lactation. Physiological and metabolic adaptations in three key tissues (adipose, mammary gland and liver) are discussed, followed by the important endocrine adaptations during negative energy balance. Key genes mediating metabolic and endocrine adaptations are also highlighted. Finally, genes that account for variation in production traits are presented in relation to the tissues and processes described. Knowledge of the genes and pathways involved will be important for ongoing efforts aimed at finding other genes and variants that contribute to milk production and fertility traits. Also, a better understanding of the molecular basis of these traits may lead to more accurate genomic predictions.

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Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes and Key Pathways Affecting Multiple Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Nayeri

Stothard

2016

Springer Science Reviews

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“…In addition to glucose, longchain fatty acids, acetate amino acids, high amounts of sodium, calcium and phosphate are required (Baik et al 2009). In mammals, the transport of nutrients inside and outside the cells is mainly carried out by a class of molecules called solute carriers (Anderson & Thawaiters 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum difference analysis: a new empirical method for genome-wide association studies

Cellesi

Dimauro

Sorbolini

et al. 2016

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The availability of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) panels for humans and, recently, for several livestock species has given a great impulse to genome-wide association studies towards the identification of genes associated with complex traits and diseases. The frequentist and the Bayesian approach are commonly used to investigate marker associations with traits of interest. Briefly, the former is the most widely used method, being intuitive and easily to apply, whereas the latter requires deeper statistical knowledge, but has the advantage to include prior information to obtain a posterior probability of association. Both methods, however, require parameters or distributions to be set a priori by the researcher. In this work, we suggest a new empirical method for genome-wide studies (GWAS), which verifies marker-trait associations using the bootstrap resampling and Chebyshev's inequality. This method, called Maximum Difference Analysis (MDA), was tested on a real dataset of 2093 Italian Holstein bulls with the objective of finding associations between SNPs and milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percentage. Results of the MDA method were compared with those obtained to a genome-wide association analysis performed using the R package GenABEL. In addition, we assessed the bovine annotated genes related to the traits under study. The MDA method was able to locate known important loci for milk productive traits, such as the DGAT1, PRLR, GHR and SCD. Moreover, some new putative candidate genes were detected. The python script of MDA procedure is available at www.animalbreeding.uniss.it. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Transcriptomic profiles of the bovine mammary gland during lactation and the dry period

Dai

Zou

White

et al. 2017

Funct Integr Genomics

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The initiation and maintenance of lactation are complex phenomena governed by biochemical and endocrine processes in the mammary gland (MG). Although DNA-based approaches have been used to study the onset of lactation, more comprehensive RNA-based techniques may be critical in furthering our understanding of gene alterations that occur to support lactation in the bovine MG. To further determine how gene profiles vary during lactation compared with the dry period, RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in bovine MG tissues from animals that were lactating and not lactating. A total of 881 DEG (605 upregulated and 276 downregulated) were identified in MG of 3 lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows versus the 3 dry cows. The subcellular analysis showed that the upregulated genes were most abundantly located in "integral to membrane" and "mitochondrion," and the top number of downregulated genes existed in "nucleus" and "cytoplasm." The functional analysis indicated that the DEG were primarily associated with the support of lactation processes. The genes in higher abundance were most related to "metabolic process," "oxidation-reduction process," "transport" and "signal transduction," protein synthesis-related processes (transcription, translation, protein modifications), and some MG growth-associated processes (cell proliferation/cycle/apoptosis). The downregulated genes were mainly involved in immune-related processes (inflammatory/immune/defense responses). The KEGG analysis suggested that protein synthesis-related pathways (such as protein digestion and absorption; protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism) were highly and significantly enriched in the bovine MG of lactating cows compared to dry cows. The results suggested that the dry cows had decreased capacity for protein synthesis, energy generation, and cell growth but enhanced immune response. Collectively, this reduced capacity in dry cows supports the physiological demands of the next lactation and the coordinated metabolic changes that occur to support these demands. A total of 51 identified DEG were validated by RT-PCR, and consistent results were found between RT-PCR and the transcriptomic analysis. This work provides a profile of gene-associated changes that occur during lactation and can be used to facilitate further investigation of the mechanisms underlying lactation in dairy cows.

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Gene Expression Profiling of Liver and Mammary Tissues of Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Maximum difference analysis: a new empirical method for genome-wide association studies

Transcriptomic profiles of the bovine mammary gland during lactation and the dry period

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