Gene Expression Profiling of Biological Pathway Alterations by Radiation Exposure

Abstract

Though damage caused by radiation has been the focus of rigorous research, the mechanisms through which radiation exerts harmful effects on cells are complex and not well-understood. In particular, the influence of low dose radiation exposure on the regulation of genes and pathways remains unclear. In an attempt to investigate the molecular alterations induced by varying doses of radiation, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from five participants and each sample was subjected to 0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, 2.5 Gy, and 5 Gy of cobalt 60 radiation, followed by array-based expression profiling. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the immune system and cancer development pathways appeared to be the major affected targets by radiation exposure. Therefore, 1 Gy radioactive exposure seemed to be a critical threshold dosage. In fact, after 1 Gy radiation exposure, expression levels of several genes including FADD, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF10A, TNFSF10, TNFSF8, CASP1, and CASP4 that are associated with carcinogenesis and metabolic disorders showed significant alterations. Our results suggest that exposure to low-dose radiation may elicit changes in metabolic and immune pathways, potentially increasing the risk of immune dysfunctions and metabolic disorders.

Exploring the oncoproteomic response of human prostate cancer to therapeutic radiation using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry

“…These observations were congruent with enriched ontologies amongst the conserved protein changes. Many of the ontologies that were enriched have well‐described roles in processes known to be perturbed by ionising radiation, including cellular defence, innate immune activation, and initiation of the complement cascade …”

“…[18][19][20] These observations were congruent with enriched ontologies amongst the conserved protein changes. Many of the ontologies that were enriched have well-described roles in processes known to be perturbed by ionising radiation, including cellular defence, 21,22 innate immune activation, 22 and initiation of the complement cascade. 23 Previously reported studies of circulating serum markers of radiation in PCa in two different laboratories have demonstrated the upregulation of pro-inflammatory and coagulation-related proteins that were represented by similar paralogs in this study.…”

Comet Assay Assessment of DNA Damage in Buccal Mucosa Cells Exposed to X-Rays via Panoramic Radiography

“…In other words, all radiation doses are considered harmful. 5 The effects of panoramic radiography have been widely studied, 1,6,7 leading to the findings that panoramic radiography causes chromosomal damage, nuclear changes, and cell death. However, no previous reports have addressed the DNA-damaging effects of radiation from panoramic radiography in buccal mucosa cells.…”

Suppression of CD4+Effector Responses by Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells Contributes to Experimental Cerebral Malaria

“…This discrepancy could be explained by the depletion or immunomodulation of activated pathogenic T cells and/or the alteration of the blood-brain barrier induced by the various conditioning regimens used (24,27,30). However, although the development of a neuropathological immune response and the contribution of host CD4 ϩ T and CD8 ϩ T cells to ECM were preserved, it is difficult to appreciate the whole systemic effects (endothelium, microglia, intestinal flora) in addition to the immunomodulatory effect of low-dose total-body irradiation (35)(36)(37)(38)(39) in our model. Similarly, we are not able to appreciate how the infection and neuropathogenesis could modulate the irradiation effect, which develops over time (35,36).…”