Gene Expression Profiling and Heterogeneity of Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation Affecting the Lacrimal Gland

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Although a variety of well-characterized diseases, such as sarcoidosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, affect the lacrimal gland, many patients with dacryoadenitis are diagnosed as having nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI) on the basis of histology and systemic disease evaluation. The ability to further classify the disease in these patients should facilitate selection of effective therapies.OBJECTIVE To test the a priori hypothesis that gene expression profiles would complement clinical and histopathologic evaluations in identifying well-characterized diseases and in subdividing NSOI into clinically relevant groups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this cohort study, gene expression levels in biopsy specimens of inflamed and control lacrimal glands were measured with microarrays. Stained sections of the same biopsy specimens were used for evaluation of histopathology. Tissue samples of patients were obtained from oculoplastic surgeons at 7 international centers representing 4 countries (United States,

Radiologic imaging shows variable accuracy in diagnosing orbital inflammatory disease and assessing its activity

“…NSOI is one of the most elusive orbital diseases. Identifying NSOI radiologically is especially challenging because of the heterogeneity of the disease as shown by our prior studies on gene expression in orbital tissue 16 , 17 . The term NSOI is applied when a patient having orbital inflammation has a disease that defies categorization despite biopsy.…”

“…The diagnosis of GPA was established by typical findings of paranasal sinus inflammatory soft tissue thickening in association with marked thickening and/or sclerosis of paranasal sinus wall and/or overt osseous destruction. Orbital soft tissue findings were expected to be contiguous with the areas of sinus involvement in GPA 17 , 33 . Imaging criteria suggested for sarcoidosis included lacrimal gland enlargement and enhancement in conjunction with parotid and/or cervical adenopathy that did not fit one of the other patterns of inflammatory diseases, given that no specific criteria are not established for this rare diagnosis.…”

cDC2 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells diminish from tissues of patients with non‐Hodgkin orbital lymphoma and idiopathic orbital inflammation

“…Gene expression data (Affymetrix U133Plus2 array) of 48 orbital cavity biopsies from IOI patients ( n = 26) and a NHOL patient ( n = 1, only used for visualization), and surgically residual orbital material from unaffected orbits ( n = 21) were obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (accession number GSE58331) . The Affymetrix CEL files were simultaneous preprocessed and a differential expression analysis was conducted on all samples.…”

Microarray Data of Lacrimal Gland Implicates Dysregulated Protein Processing in Endoplasmic Reticulum in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

“…The raw data and annotation files of GSE105149 and GSE58331 were downloaded from the GEO database. Rosenbaum JT et al contributed to the generation of GSE105149 and GSE58331and provided many significant findings from different perspectives (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). GSE105149 was the microarray data of various lacrimal gland tissues, including sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, thyroid eye disease, nonspecific orbital inflammation and healthy controls (16).…”

“…Rosenbaum JT et al contributed to the generation of GSE105149 and GSE58331and provided many significant findings from different perspectives (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). GSE105149 was the microarray data of various lacrimal gland tissues, including sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, thyroid eye disease, nonspecific orbital inflammation and healthy controls (16). Normal lacrimal samples from healthy individuals were obtained at the time of cosmetic surgery or blepharoplasty (16).…”