Gene Expression Profiles Suggest Iron Transport Pathway in the Lactating Human Epithelial Cell

Cai, Chenxi; Eck, Peter; Friel, James K.

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001303

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A new study by Cai et al provides an explanation for the low iron content of breast milk and the limited capacity of breast milk to meet infant iron needs. 45 The study found that human mammary epithelial cells do not have the only known membrane iron transporter and thus apparently have no way to secrete iron into breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China

Clark¹,

Li²,

Zhu³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To assess associations between breastfeeding and iron status at 9 months in two samples of Chinese infants. Study design Associations between feeding at 9 months (breastfed [BF] as sole milk source, mixed-fed [MF], or formula-fed [FF]) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency (ID), and iron sufficiency were determined in infants from Zhejiang and Hebei provinces (ns = 142 and 813). ID was defined as body iron < 0 mg/kg, IDA as ID + hemoglobin < 110 g/L. Multiple logistic regression assessed associations between feeding pattern and iron status. Results Breastfeeding was associated with iron status (P-values < .001). In Zhejiang, 27.5% of BF infants had IDA compared with 0% of FF infants. The odds of ID/IDA were increased in BF and MF infants compared with FF: BF vs. FF odds ratio (OR): 28.8, 95% CI: 3.7–226.4; MF vs. FF OR: 11.0, 95% CI: 1.2–103.2. In Hebei, 44.0% of BF infants had IDA compared with 2.8% of FF infants. With covariable adjustment, odds of IDA were increased in BF and MF groups: BF vs. FF OR: 78.8, 95% CI: 27.2–228.1; MF vs. FF OR: 21.0, 95% CI: 7.3–60.9. Conclusions In both cohorts, the odds of ID/IDA at 9 months were increased in BF and MF infants, and ID/IDA was common. Although the benefits of breastfeeding are indisputable, these findings add to the evidence that breastfeeding in later infancy identifies infants at risk for ID/IDA in many settings. Protocols for detecting and preventing ID/IDA in BF infants are needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00642863 and NCT00613717

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China

Clark¹,

Li²,

Zhu³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Human mammary epithelial cells do not secrete iron into breast milk. This surprising finding is based on the fact that the primary membrane iron exporter is not found in human lactating epithelial cells [ 34 ]. This accords with the prevailing view that body iron content is not controlled by excretion, but is controlled by absorption [ 35 ].…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

2018

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The first 6 months of life is a crucial time in meeting iron needs. The purpose of this review is to examine iron in mother’s milk and whether or not it meets the physiological needs of the growing infant. Key issues include iron content and iron transport from the mammary gland as well as when and what foods should be added to the solely breastfed infant. We examine these topics in light of new molecular biology findings in the mammary gland.

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“…Sharp and his colleagues reported on the differences in the transcriptomics profiles at the various stages of lactation [23]. Furthermore, C. Cai and his group studied the role of the gene expression profile of mammary gland epithelial cells isolated from breast milk in the iron uptake pathway [26]. Hence, we herein developed a novel genetic tool for the identification of distinct ZnT2 mutations and genetic variants using cells isolated from breast milk at the expressed mRNA level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Genetic Diseases Using Breast Milk Cell Analysis: The Case of Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency (TNZD)

Golan¹,

Yerushalmi²,

Efrati³

et al. 2017

Cell Mol Med

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Gene Expression Profiles Suggest Iron Transport Pathway in the Lactating Human Epithelial Cell

Abstract: The lack of iron exporters in the human mammary epithelia, in conjunction with the presence of lactoferrin suggests that transmembrane transport is not a major route of iron excretion into human milk.

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China

Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China

Iron and the Breastfed Infant

Identification of Genetic Diseases Using Breast Milk Cell Analysis: The Case of Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency (TNZD)

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