Gene expression of myostatin during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle in Japanese Black Cattle1

Abstract

Myostatin is a specific negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and is regarded as one of the most important factors for myogenesis. The aim of the current study was to analyze the developmental change in the gene expression of myostatin and an adipogenic transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor lambda2) in the semitendinosus muscle of Japanese Black Cattle throughout the whole life cycle. An additional aim was to compare the temporal expression patterns of myostatin and relevant myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) mRNA during muscle regeneration after frostbite injury at 16 mo of age. The developmental pattern of myostatin gene expression exhibited 2 peaks: the greatest expression occurred in utero (P <0.05) and the second greatest occurred at 16 mo of age (P <0.05). The greatest level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor lambda2 expression was observed at 16 mo of age (P <0.05), which paralleled myostatin expression. During frostbite-induced muscle regeneration, gene expression for myostatin and 4 MRF; i.e., Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4, showed contrasting responses. Myostatin mRNA dramatically declined by 68.1 and 82.6% at 3 and 5 d after injury (P <0.05), respectively, which paralleled its protein expression, and was restored at 10 d. In contrast, the expressions of all 4 MRF mRNA were low initially but increased by 5 d after injury (P <0.05) and then remained constant or decreased slightly. These results suggest that myostatin may play a role in muscle marbling in the fattening period by decreasing myogenesis and increasing adipogenesis, and that the interaction between myostatin and MRF genes may take place at an early stage of skeletal muscle regeneration.

Impact of repeated bouts of eccentric exercise on myogenic gene expression

“…The disconnect between the MRFs response in relation to the myostatin may have resulted from impaired muscle response due to injury and/or, as noted, due to the short rest interval between the exercise bouts. In contrast to this observation, Shibata et al (2006) reported diVerent expression patterns between myostatin and MRFs during muscle regeneration in Japanese-cattle.…”

Genomic Characterization and Chromosomal Mapping of 5 River Buffalo Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Master Genes

“…The data for MYOD1 , MYOG and MYF5 are consistent with the analyses reported in other species [Weintraub et al, 1991;Shibata et al, 2006] and suggest that in the adult muscle, all these genes are expressed mainly in satellite cells, but not in the myonuclei that sustain the myofiber [Zammit et al, 2004].…”

The influence of maternal energy status during mid-gestation on beef offspring tenderness, muscle characteristics, and gene expression

“…Beta-catenin is an important protein that functions as a transcription factor, causing cellular growth both in the embryo and postnatally (Armstrong & Esser, 2005). Conversely, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, myostatin, is an important regulator of myogenesis, acting as an inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth (McPherron, Lawler, & Lee, 1997;Shibata et al, 2006). Other proteins of interest within muscle were muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) proteins.…”