Gene expression of Hanwoo satellite cell differentiation in longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus

Abstract

Background Korean Hanwoo cattle are known for their high meat quality, especially their high intramuscular fat compared to most other cattle breeds. Different muscles have very different meat quality traits and a study of the myogenic process in satellite cells can help us better understand the genes and pathways that regulate this process and how muscles differentiate. Results Cell cultures of Longissimus dorsi muscle differentiated from myoblast into multinucleated myotubes faster than semimembranosus . Time-series RNA-seq identified a total of 13 differentially expressed genes between the two muscles during their development. These genes seem to be involved in determining muscle lineage development and appear to modulate the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (mainly MYOD and MYF5 ) during differentiation of satellite cells into multinucleate myotubes. Gene ontology enriched terms were consistent with the morphological changes observed in the histology. Most of the over-represented terms and genes expressed during myoblast differentiation were similar regardless of muscle type which indicates a highly conserved myogenic process albeit the rates of differentiation being different. There were more differences in the enriched GO terms during the end of proliferation compared to myoblast differentiation. Conclusions The use of satellite cells from newborn Hanwoo calves appears to be a good model to study embryonic myogenesis in muscle. Our findings provide evidence that the differential expression of HOXB2 , HOXB4 , HOXB9 , HOXC8 , FOXD1 , IGFN1 , ZIC2 , ZIC4 , HOXA11 , HOXC11 , PITX1 , SIM2 and TBX4 genes could be involved in the differentiation of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles. These genes seem to modulate the muscle fate of the satellite cells during myogenesis through a differential expression profile that also controls the expression of some myogenic regulatory factors ( MYOD and MYF5 ). The number of differentially expressed genes across time was unsurprisingly large. In relation to the baseline day 0, there were 631, 155, 175, 519 and 586 DE genes in LD, while in SM we found 204, 0, 615, 761 and 1154 DE genes at days 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5530-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…While the former was more than 1 Mb far away from any annotated functional element, the latter fell within SAMD12 , a gene already found to have a significant dominance signal to chuck roll and be associated with 18-months weight in Simmental ( Zhuang et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, DP had an almost significant signal on BTA1: the gene closest to the SNP was SIM2 , already known to be associated with carcass quality, differentiation of longissimus, and semimembranosus muscle ( De Las Heras-Saldana et al, 2019 ; Edea et al, 2020 ). To conclude, the strongest of the remaining suggestively associated signals for DP came from BTA4, within LOC112446424 , a non-coding RNA close to candidate gene SLC13A4 , a cationic canal important both for muscle traits in sheep and growth and development in cattle ( Carvalho et al, 2020 ; Kaur et al, 2020 ).…”

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