Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

Ishihara, Akihiko; Fujino, Hidemi; Nagatomo, Fumiko; Takeda, Isao; Ohira, Yoshinobu

doi:10.2170/physiolsci.rp000808

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…However, some differences can also be observed. For example, some studies have shown that Hsp70 is also highly expressed in mammalian slow-twitch muscle tissues (Tupling et al 2007;Ishihara et al 2008), but our present results are consistent with previous reports (Blechinger et al 2002) showing that significant constitutive expression of Hsp70 is not detected in zebrafish muscle tissues. In addition, both slow-and fast-twitch muscle tissues in mammals express significant levels of the related αB crystallin, but αB crystallin expression is detected only in the lens of zebrafish (Posner et al 1999;Mao and Shelden 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis

Tucker

Ustyugov

Bryantsev

et al. 2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Constitutive expression of Hsp27 has been demonstrated in vertebrate embryos, especially in developing skeletal and cardiac muscle. Results of several previous studies have indicated that Hsp27 could play a role in the development of these tissues. For example, inhibition of Hsp27 expression has been reported to cause defective development of mammalian myoblasts in vitro and frog embryos in vivo. In contrast, transgenic mice lacking Hsp27 develop normally. Here, we examined the distribution of Hsp27 protein in developing and adult zebrafish and effects of suppressing Hsp27 expression using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMO) on zebrafish development. Consistent with our previous analysis of hsp27 messenger RNA expression, we detected the protein Hsp27 in cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle of both embryonic and adult zebrafish. However, embryos lacking detectable Hsp27 after injection of antisense hsp27 PMO exhibited comparable heart beat rates to that of control embryos and cardiac morphology was indistinguishable in the presence or absence of Hsp27. Loss of Hsp27 also had no effect on the structure of the skeletal muscle myotomes in the developing embryo. Finally, embryos injected with antisense hsp27 and scrambled control PMO displayed equal motility. We conclude that Hsp27 is dispensable for zebrafish morphogenesis but could play a role in long-term maintenance of heart and muscle tissues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In mammals, Hsp27 and related αB crystallin protein or mRNA levels are generally higher in muscle tissues containing predominately slowtwitch muscle than in those containing mostly fast-twitch muscle (Inaguma et al 1993;Huey et al 2007;Ishihara et al 2008). However, the opposite has also been reported (Kim et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis

Tucker

Ustyugov

Bryantsev

et al. 2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…In short term missions, the expression of stress-related heat shock proteins was reduced in rat soleus muscle and unmodified in the fast-twitch plantaris [28]. Quite surprisingly, the expression of various stress-related markers, including heat shock proteins, was dramatically increased in EDL muscle exposed to the microgravity environment for 91 days, whereas no major changes were observed in soleus muscle ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Adaptation of Mouse Skeletal Muscle to Long-Term Microgravity in the MDS Mission

et al. 2012

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The effect of microgravity on skeletal muscles has so far been examined in rat and mice only after short-term (5–20 day) spaceflights. The mice drawer system (MDS) program, sponsored by Italian Space Agency, for the first time aimed to investigate the consequences of long-term (91 days) exposure to microgravity in mice within the International Space Station. Muscle atrophy was present indistinctly in all fiber types of the slow-twitch soleus muscle, but was only slightly greater than that observed after 20 days of spaceflight. Myosin heavy chain analysis indicated a concomitant slow-to-fast transition of soleus. In addition, spaceflight induced translocation of sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) into the cytosol in soleus but not in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Most of the sarcolemmal ion channel subunits were up-regulated, more in soleus than EDL, whereas Ca 2+ -activated K + channels were down-regulated, consistent with the phenotype transition. Gene expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin-ligases was up-regulated in both spaceflown soleus and EDL muscles, whereas autophagy genes were in the control range. Muscle-specific IGF-1 and interleukin-6 were down-regulated in soleus but up-regulated in EDL. Also, various stress-related genes were up-regulated in spaceflown EDL, not in soleus. Altogether, these results suggest that EDL muscle may resist to microgravity-induced atrophy by activating compensatory and protective pathways. Our study shows the extended sensitivity of antigravity soleus muscle after prolonged exposition to microgravity, suggests possible mechanisms accounting for the resistance of EDL, and individuates some molecular targets for the development of countermeasures.

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“…An accumulation of Hsp72 is induced not only by heat, but also by inducers of DNA damage in cultured human cells (Muramatsu et al, 1992,1993,1996). Although it was reported that HSP gene expression was down-regulated by spaceflight in the rat muscle related to a reduction in the mechanical and neural activity levels (Ishihara et al, 2008), in this experiment, gene expression was p53-dependent upregulated by space radiations alone because the cells exposed in space were frozen. Interestingly, Hsp72 accumulations induced in the muscle, skin and spleen of orbiting goldfish were confirmed by comparisons to control goldfish (Ohnishi et al 1998b).…”

Section: P53-dependent Gene Expression In Cultured Mammalian Cells Afmentioning

confidence: 60%

The First Life Science Experiments in ISS: Reports of "Rad Gene"-Space Radiation Effects on Human Cultured Cells-

Takahashi

Nagamatsu

et al. 2010

Biol. Sci. Space

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To clarif y the biological ef fe cts of space environment, especially space radiations, a proposal of " Rad Gene" was performed as the first life science experiment with two human lymphoblastoid cell lines bearing wild-type p53 gene (wtp53) and mutated p53 gene (mp53) in an International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. We scheduled four projects: (1) DNA damage induced by space radiations including the high linear energy transfer (LET) particles was detected as a track of γH2AX foci in the nuclei of these frozen cells. (2) To examine the biological effects of microgravity and space radiations on gene and protein expression of p53 -dependent regulated genes, these cells were grown under microgravity and 1 gravity in ISS, and on ground for 8 days and analyzed by DNA and protein arrays. (3) p53-Dependent regulated genes were analyzed in the cultured cells after spaceflight at frozen state exposed to space radiations. (4) To clarify the effects of space radiations on the radioadaptive response, the space flown cells at frozen state were cultured, and then exposed to challenging X-ray-irradiation. All of the radioadaptive responses of cell killing, apoptosis, chromosomal aberrations and mutations were found only in wtp53 cells, but not in the mp53 cells.

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Gene Expression Levels of Heat Shock Proteins in the Soleus and Plantaris Muscles of Rats after Hindlimb Suspension or Spaceflight

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis

Hsp27 is persistently expressed in zebrafish skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues but dispensable for their morphogenesis

Adaptation of Mouse Skeletal Muscle to Long-Term Microgravity in the MDS Mission

The First Life Science Experiments in ISS: Reports of "Rad Gene"-Space Radiation Effects on Human Cultured Cells-

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