Gene expression in the mammary gland

Harris, Stephen; McClenaghan, M; Simons, Paul; Ali, Simak; Clark, Anthony

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0880707

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The most abundant transcript was casein alpha s1 ( CSN1S1 [GeneID:282208]) at 1,172 nucleotides, followed by casein alpha s2 ( CSN1S2 [GeneID:282209]) at 1,024 nucleotides, casein kappa ( CSN3 [GeneID:281728]) at 850 nucleotides, then glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 ( GLYCAM1 [GeneID:282430]) at 679 nucleotides. This result is consistent with previous studies of the lactating mammary gland that indicated these genes were highly expressed [19-21], and demonstrate that the tag abundance-weighted low average transcript length for this library was due to the high expression of a few relatively short transcripts. Although tags were observed that uniquely map to the casein beta ( CSN2 [GeneID:281099]) genomic region, there are no DpnII sites within the associated RefSeq mRNA [GenBank:NM_181008.2] (98.0% BLAST similarity to the genomic sequence) and, therefore, it is not included in Figure 8.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

An atlas of bovine gene expression reveals novel distinctive tissue characteristics and evidence for improving genome annotation

et al. 2010

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BackgroundA comprehensive transcriptome survey, or gene atlas, provides information essential for a complete understanding of the genomic biology of an organism. We present an atlas of RNA abundance for 92 adult, juvenile and fetal cattle tissues and three cattle cell lines.ResultsThe Bovine Gene Atlas was generated from 7.2 million unique digital gene expression tag sequences (300.2 million total raw tag sequences), from which 1.59 million unique tag sequences were identified that mapped to the draft bovine genome accounting for 85% of the total raw tag abundance. Filtering these tags yielded 87,764 unique tag sequences that unambiguously mapped to 16,517 annotated protein-coding loci in the draft genome accounting for 45% of the total raw tag abundance. Clustering of tissues based on tag abundance profiles generally confirmed ontology classification based on anatomy. There were 5,429 constitutively expressed loci and 3,445 constitutively expressed unique tag sequences mapping outside annotated gene boundaries that represent a resource for enhancing current gene models. Physical measures such as inferred transcript length or antisense tag abundance identified tissues with atypical transcriptional tag profiles. We report for the first time the tissue-specific variation in the proportion of mitochondrial transcriptional tag abundance.ConclusionsThe Bovine Gene Atlas is the deepest and broadest transcriptome survey of any livestock genome to date. Commonalities and variation in sense and antisense transcript tag profiles identified in different tissues facilitate the examination of the relationship between gene expression, tissue, and gene function.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

An atlas of bovine gene expression reveals novel distinctive tissue characteristics and evidence for improving genome annotation

et al. 2010

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“…[9][10][11]. We have demonstrated previously that a -524/+490 minimal rat f3-casein promoter fragment can direct the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to the mammary gland (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of biologically active heterodimeric bovine follicle-stimulating hormone in milk of transgenic mice.

Greenberg

Anderson²,

Hsueh³

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; follitropin) is a pituitary glycoprotein composed of two posttranslationally modified subunits, which must properly assemble to be biologically active. FSH has been difficult to purify and to obtain in quantities sufficient for detailed biochemical studies. We have targeted FSH expression to the mammary gland of transgenic mice by using cDNAs encoding the bovine a and FSHP subunits and a modified rat f-casein gene-based expression system. Lines of bigenic mice expressing both subunits have been generated either by coinection of the subunit transgenes or by mating mice that acquired and expressed transgenes encoding an individual subunit. Up to 60 international units (15 ,sg) of biologically active FSH per ml was detected in the milk of the bigenic mice. These lines provide a model system for studying the post-transcriptional mechanisms that effect the expression and secretion of this heterodimeric hormone.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; follitropin) is a member of the glycoprotein family of pituitary hormones, which includes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Like LH and CG, FSH is a gonadotropin and is composed of a common a subunit that is noncovalently linked to a hormone-specific P subunit (1, 2). FSH has been difficult to purify and to obtain in sufficient quantities for detailed biochemical studies (for a review, see ref. 3). The a and FSHI subunits are posttranslationally modified, and the nature and extent of such modifications can exert a profound effect on subunit assembly, secretion, and stability (4-6). Only heterodimers with appropriately glycosylated subunits exhibit significant biological and receptor-binding activity (5,7,8). Targeting FSH to the mammary gland of transgenic animals would, therefore, serve as a model system in which to study glycoprotein processing and secretion as well as a means to produce large quantities of FSH. A standardized source of recombinant FSH would be useful to both human and livestock fertilization programs to achieve the reproducible development of ovarian follicles.Several different milk protein-based constructs have been employed to express diverse heterologous proteins in the milk of a variety of transgenic animals (for reviews, see refs. 9-11). We have demonstrated previously that a -524/+490 minimal rat f3-casein promoter fragment can direct the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to the mammary gland (12). To determine whether the mammary gland could be used to secrete large quantities of a bioactive heterodimeric protein into milk, we have used a modified rat ,8-casein-based vector to target and express bovine FSH (bFSH) to the mammary gland and into the milk of transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODSConstruction of the Transgenes. The FSH subunit cDNAs were obtained from Genzyme; a as a 730-base-pair (bp) EcoRI fragment and FSH(3 as a 560-bp EcoRI/BamHI fragment. The cDNA fragments were inserted into pUC19 (13) with the rat 13-casein -524/+49...

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“…Les résultats obtenus chez les animaux transgéniques exprimant le gène d'une protéine du lactosérum plus ou moins délété en amont de l'unité de trans cription et substitué dans le cadre de lecture, indiquent que des séquences en cis impliquées dans l'expression temporelle et tissulaire sont proches et en amont de l'unité de transcription (a-lactalbumine � 0,2 kb ; {3lactoglobuline � 0,8 kb). Une bonne expression du transgène (de 1 0 à 40 % du niveau normal) a pu être obtenue avec moins de 1 kb de la région 5' llanquante (10,11 ]. La zone…”

Section: Société Française De Génétiqueunclassified

La caséine κ et la famille multigénique des trois caseïnes "sensibles au calcium" : Polymorphisme, biosynthèse et évolution

Mercier¹,

Grosclaude²,

Martin³

1991

Med Sci (Paris)

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Gene expression in the mammary gland

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

An atlas of bovine gene expression reveals novel distinctive tissue characteristics and evidence for improving genome annotation

An atlas of bovine gene expression reveals novel distinctive tissue characteristics and evidence for improving genome annotation

Expression of biologically active heterodimeric bovine follicle-stimulating hormone in milk of transgenic mice.

La caséine κ et la famille multigénique des trois caseïnes "sensibles au calcium" : Polymorphisme, biosynthèse et évolution

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