Gene Expression During the Development of Bacteriophage φ29 III. Analysis of Viral-Specific Protein Synthesis with Suppressible Mutants

McGuire, Jeffrey C.; Pène, Jacques J.; Barrow-Carraway, Joyce

doi:10.1128/jvi.13.3.690-698.1974

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…More recently, Salas et al (37) have shown that the major tryptic peptides of the terminal protein are very similar to those of the @029 gene 3 protein. It is known that gene 3 is involved in DNA replication of 4)29 (11,29,39,42) and that normal gene 3 protein is required continuously for replication of this viral DNA (28,42,44). Thus, these studies suggest that the terminal proteins are directly involved in DNA replication.…”

Section: Ito Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, Salas and colleagues have shown that tryptic peptides of the DNA-bound protein are very similar, if not identical, to those of the 429 gene 3 protein (37). The gene 3 protein has been shown to be essential for 429 DNA replication (11,28,29,42). In this paper, further evidence is presented that the protein is linked covalently to the 5' ternini of the 429 DNA.…”

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confidence: 73%

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Bacteriophage phi29 terminal protein: its association with the 5' termini of the phi29 genome

Ito¹

1978

J Virol

112

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The location of the protein bound to bacteriophage 429 DNA has been studied with restriction endonucleases, exonucleases, and polynucleotide kinase. The protein is invariably associated with the two terminal DNA fragments generated by restriction endonucleases. The 429 DNA prepared with or without proteinase K treatment is resistant to the action of the 5'-terminal-specific exonucleases, Xexonuclease and T7 exonuclease. The 429 DNA is also inaccessible to phosphorylation by polynucleotide kinase even after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, 4)29 DNA is sensitive to exonuclease III, and the 3' termini of the DNA can be labeled by incubating with a-[32P]ATP and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The protein remains associated with the 4)29 DNA after treatment with various chaotropic agents, including 8 M urea, 6 M guanidinehydrochloride, 4 M sodium perchlorate, 2 M sodium thiocyanate, and 2 M LiCl. These results are consistent with the notion that the protein is linked covalently to the 5' termini of the 4)29 DNA.

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Section: Ito Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 73%

Bacteriophage phi29 terminal protein: its association with the 5' termini of the phi29 genome

Ito¹

1978

J Virol

112

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“…It was not possible to detect TP in cells at the very early stages of infection, presumably due to the very low levels of TP in cells prior to the amplification of DNA during the replication cycle. However, during the middle stage of infection, after the onset of φ29 DNA replication (see below; Ivarie and Pène, 1973; McGuire et al ., 1974), a punctate fluorescent signal was observed that appeared to localize around the host cell chromosome (Figure 3D and F). By the late infection stage, the TP‐specific signals appeared to fill the volume occupied by the DNA (Figure 3G and I).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We wished to determine whether phage φ29 DNA replication was associated with these host cell replication factories, as they could be sites where nucleotide precursors are particularly concentrated, or if it occurred in a completely separate region(s) of the cell. Evidence has been obtained that phage φ29 DNA replication is associated with the cell membrane (Ivarie and Pène, 1973; McGuire et al ., 1974, 1977; Bravo and Salas, 1997, 1998; W.J.J.Meijer, A.Serna‐Rico and M.Salas, submitted), as is host cell DNA replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic relocalization of phage φ29 DNA during replication and the role of the viral protein p16.7

et al. 2000

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We have examined the localization of DNA replication of the Bacillus subtilis phage f29 by immuno¯uores-cence. To determine where phage replication was localized within infected cells, we examined the distribution of phage replication proteins and the sites of incorporation of nucleotide analogues into phage DNA. On initiation of replication, the phage DNA localized to a single focus within the cell, nearly always towards one end of the host cell nucleoid. At later stages of the infection cycle, phage replication was found to have redistributed to multiple sites around the periphery of the nucleoid, just under the cell membrane. Towards the end of the cycle, phage DNA was once again redistributed to become located within the bulk of the nucleoid. Ef®cient redistribution of replicating phage DNA from the initial replication site to various sites surrounding the nucleoid was found to be dependent on the phage protein p16.7. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis/bacteriophage f29/ immuno¯uorescence/in vivo DNA replication IntroductionThe Bacillus subtilis phage f29 is one of the best characterized phages and serves as a paradigm for the study of double-stranded DNA viruses in Gram-positive bacteria (Salas, 1991;Salas and Rojo, 1993;Salas et al., 1996). The genome of f29 is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule of 19 285 bp, whose sequence is completely known (Yoshikawa and Ito, 1982;Garvey et al., 1985;Vlcek and Paces, 1986). Regulation of f29 DNA transcription, divided into an early and a late stage, has been studied extensively in vivo as well as in vitro (for reviews see Salas and Rojo, 1993;Rojo et al., 1998). The late expressed genes, all transcribed from a single operon present in the central part of the phage genome, encode the phage structural proteins, proteins involved in phage morphogenesis and those required for lysis of the infected cell ( Figure 1A). The early expressed genes are present in two operons that¯ank the late operon ( Figure 1A). The operon located at the right side of the f29 genome encodes, in addition to protein p17 (Crucitti et al., 1998) and p16.7 (W.J.J.Meijer, A.Serna-Rico and M.Salas, submitted), four proteins of unknown function. The early operon located at the left side of the f29 genome encodes the transcriptional regulator protein p4 and various proteins that are directly involved in phage DNA replication, such as the DNA polymerase, terminal protein (TP), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), doublestranded DNA-binding protein (DBP) and protein p1 (see Discussion).A schematic overview of the in vitro f29 DNA replication mechanism is shown in Figure 1B. Initiation of f29 DNA replication occurs via a so-called proteinprimed mechanism (reviewed in Salas, 1991;Salas et al., 1996). The linear f29 genome contains a TP molecule covalently linked at each of its 5¢ DNA ends, which constitute the origins of replication. Initiation of DNA replication starts by recognition of the origin by a heterodimer formed by the f29 DNA polymerase and the primer TP. The DNA polymerase then catalyses the ad...

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“…Moreover, a correlation between the formation of such complexes and synthesis of viral DNA was reported. For example, parental /29 DNA encoding a thermosensitive DNA polymerase was not membrane-associated at the restrictive temperature, unless cells were co-infected with wild-type phage [178][179][180]. Based on these findings, it was postulated that in vivo /29 DNA replication takes place associated to the bacterial membrane.…”

Section: Protein P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalization of prokaryotic DNA replication

2005

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It becomes now apparent that prokaryotic DNA replication takes place at specific intracellular locations. Early studies indicated that chromosomal DNA replication, as well as plasmid and viral DNA replication, occurs in close association with the bacterial membrane. Moreover, over the last several years, it has been shown that some replication proteins and specific DNA sequences are localized to particular subcellular regions in bacteria, supporting the existence of replication compartments. Although the mechanisms underlying compartmentalization of prokaryotic DNA replication are largely unknown, the docking of replication factors to large organizing structures may be important for the assembly of active replication complexes. In this article, we review the current state of this subject in two bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, focusing our attention in both chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA replication. A comparison with eukaryotic systems is also presented.

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Gene Expression During the Development of Bacteriophage φ29 III. Analysis of Viral-Specific Protein Synthesis with Suppressible Mutants

Cited by 71 publications

References 12 publications

Bacteriophage phi29 terminal protein: its association with the 5' termini of the phi29 genome

Bacteriophage phi29 terminal protein: its association with the 5' termini of the phi29 genome

Dynamic relocalization of phage φ29 DNA during replication and the role of the viral protein p16.7

Compartmentalization of prokaryotic DNA replication

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