Gene Expression and Tibial Dyschondroplasia

Praul, Craig A.; Ford, Bonnie C.; Gay, Carol V.; Pines, Mark; Leach, R. M.

doi:10.1093/ps/79.7.1009

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There was no effect of the bedding type/material, sex and genetic strain on the prevalence of tibial dyschondroplasia. The frequency of TDL and TDR was low, which are similar to those found in the literature (Rath et al, 1998;Praul et al 2000;Almeida Paz et al, 2005;Almeida Paz et al, 2009). The experiment with litter of reused wood shavings presented an increase in lesions of RC and LC.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Locomotor Problems in Broilers Reared on New and Re-Used Litter

Paz

Garcia

Bernardi

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Two field trials were conducted to assess locomotor problems in broilers. Males and females broilers were used from two commercial strains reared on two different litter materials, new and re-used. In the first experiment (E1) rice husks and wood shavings were used as new litter, and in the second experiment (E2) the same litter was re-used. A batch of one-day-old chicks (2968) was reared randomly distributed in experimental pens, in a 2¥2¥2 factorial scheme (two genetic strains, two sexes and two litter materials). The same fodder and water were available to all birds ad libitum. Broilers locomotion problems were evaluated using the characteristics of gait score, incidence of valgus and varus, foot-pad lesions, degeneration, femoral, tibial dyschondroplasia, spondylolisthesis and breast calluses. The number of birds with high gait score was less than 30% in the two experiments. Males presented higher gait score (GS) (28.46% GS 1 and 2 compared to females, 20.98%); greater incidence of angular deformities (26.62% with valgus compared to 14.71% of the female); and femoral degenerative joint lesions (70.83% in average, compared to 55.16% of the female), and the correlation between these traits varied from 0.18 to 0.87 (P<0.05). There was an increase of foot-pad lesions in re-used litter leading to poor welfare. The use of rice husks in deep litter for broiler production might be a viable alternative of wood shavings.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Locomotor Problems in Broilers Reared on New and Re-Used Litter

Paz

Garcia

Bernardi

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…This is in broad agreement with other reviews noting that rapid early growth is involved in the development of TD (Orth and Cook, 1994;Praul et al, 2000;Leach and MonsonegoOrnan, 2007). These findings are also in agreement with Shim and Pesti (2011), where increased leg weaknesses were associated with a longer sojourn of the chick in the hatcher.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…There is suggestive information regarding the contribution of incubation to the syndrome (Yalçin et al, 2007;Shim and Pesti, 2011) but there are also many studies showing links to nutritional factors of the chick involving calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride and trace elements (Rennie et al, 1993;Praul et al, 2000;Genin et al, 2008;Thorp, 2008;Oviedo-Rondón and Wineland, 2012). A recent study has shown the effect of high incubation temperature on chick growth plate development (Oznurlu et al, 2016), which may thus have implications for developmental bone diseases such as TD.…”

Section: Incubation and Tibial Dyschondroplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earlier hatching time predisposes Cobb broiler chickens to tibial dyschondroplasia

Groves

Muir

2017

Animal

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Fertile eggs from Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were incubated to provide low starting egg shell temperatures (EST; 36.9°C to 37.3°C) which were gradually increased to 37.8°C during the first 7 to 15 days of incubation compared with eggs incubated with a constant EST of 37.8°C (standard conditions) over the first 18 days of incubation. Time of individual chick hatching (measured at 6 h intervals from 468 h of incubation), chick weight, chick length and yolk weight were measured at take-off and BW was measured at 7, 14, 28, 34 and 42 days of age. Male birds at 34 and 42 days of age were assessed for their ability to remain standing in a latency-to-lie test. At 34 and 42 days, male birds were examined for leg symmetry, foot pad dermatitis, hock bruising and scored (scale 0 to 4, where 0 = no lesion and 4 = lesions extending completely across the tibial growth plate) for tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) lesions. The lower EST profiles caused chicks to hatch later than those incubated under the standard EST profile. Chicks which hatched at ⩽498 h incubation grew faster over the first 7 days than those that hatched later. There were significantly more birds (only males were studied) that hatched from the lower EST profiles with TD scores of 0 and 1 and fewer with score 4 at 34 days than those hatched under the standard profile. Male birds at 34 days with TD lesions ⩾3 stood for significantly shorter times than males with TD scores ⩽2. Moreover, male birds at 34 and 42 days with TD lesion scores of ⩾3 hatched significantly earlier and grew significantly faster over the first 2 weeks of age than did male birds with TD scores ⩽2. It appears possible to decrease the severity and prevalence of TD in the Cobb 500 broiler by ensuring that the birds do not hatch before 498 h of incubation.

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“…The mycotoxin fusachromanone and the dithiocarbamates thiram and disulfuram can experimentally induce severe TD lesions (Rath et al, 2005). Previous studies have reported abnormal gene expression in lesioned growth plate cartilage from late stages of TD, based on immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase Á polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (Praul et al, 2000;Shirley et al, 2003;Webster et al, 2003). Genes encoding extracellular matrix molecules such as aggrecan, type II collagen, type X collagen, osteopontin and osteonectin, growth factors and hormones such as transforming growth factor-beta, PTH-related peptide and Indian Hedgehog genes, and enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) and matrix metalloproteinase were among those abnormally expressed (Chen et al, 1993;Knopov et al, 1995;Twal et al, 1996;Wu et al, 1996;Rath et al, 1997;Pines et al, 1998;Ben-Bassat et al, 1999;Webster et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the growth plate of broiler chickens with thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is characterized by expansion of the proximal growth plates of the tibiotarsus that fail to form bone, lack blood vessels, and contain non-viable cells. Thiram (a carbamate pesticide), when fed to young broiler chicks, induces TD with high regularity and precision. We used this experimental model to understand the cause of the defects associated with TD by selecting and identifying the genes differentially expressed in the TD growth plate of broiler chickens. Broiler chicks at 7 days of age were randomly divided into two groups. After fasting overnight, they were fed with regular diet (control) or the same diet containing 100 mg/kg thiram for 96 h to induce TD (thiram-fed). mRNA was purified from the growth plates of control and thiram-fed broilers. Forward and reverse-subtracted cDNA libraries were generated by suppression subtractive hybridization technology. Ten selected genes from cDNA libraries were identified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All were differentially expressed in TD growth plates (PB0.05 or PB0.01). The levels of collagen type X (Col X), pro-alpha-1 collagen type I (Col I a1), collagen type IX (Col IX), NADH dehydrogenase (NADH DH), cytochrome C oxidase subunit III (COX III), enolase 1, alpha (ENO1), carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) mRNA transcripts were upregulated, while the expression levels of Matrilin 3 (MATN3) and chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) were downregulated. Col I and Hsp90 were detected by immunohistochemistry at different stages. Given that these genes are involved in matrix formation, endochondral ossification, developmental regulation, electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and vascularization, our findings may provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of TD.

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Gene Expression and Tibial Dyschondroplasia

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Locomotor Problems in Broilers Reared on New and Re-Used Litter

Locomotor Problems in Broilers Reared on New and Re-Used Litter

Earlier hatching time predisposes Cobb broiler chickens to tibial dyschondroplasia

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the growth plate of broiler chickens with thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia

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