Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis

Abstract

Cotton fibers elongate rapidly after initiation of elongation, eventually leading to the deposit of a large amount of cellulose. To reveal features of cotton fiber cells at the fast elongation and the secondary cell wall synthesis stages, we compared the respective transcriptomes and metabolite profiles. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes by cDNA array identified 633 genes that were differentially regulated during fiber development. Principal component analysis (PCA) using expressed genes as variables divided fiber samples into four groups, which are diagnostic of developmental stages. Similar grouping results are also found if we use non-polar or polar metabolites as variables for PCA of developing fibers. Auxin signaling, wall-loosening and lipid metabolism are highly active during fiber elongation, whereas cellulose biosynthesis is predominant and many other metabolic pathways are downregulated at the secondary cell wall synthesis stage. Transcript and metabolite profiles and enzyme activities are consistent in demonstrating a specialization process of cotton fiber development toward cellulose synthesis. These data demonstrate that cotton fiber cell at a certain stage has its own unique feature, and developmental stages of cotton fiber cells can be distinguished by their transcript and metabolite profiles. During the secondary cell wall synthesis stage, metabolic pathways are streamed into cellulose synthesis.

Sequencing of allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. TM-1) provides a resource for fiber improvement

“…Interestingly, these A-and D-subgenome PSGs were enriched in different gene ontology groups. Many of the A-homoeologous PSGs (343/470) were enriched in the synthesis of ethylene and very-long-chain fatty acids, which are known to affect fiber elongation 40 , and in sucrose metabolism and beta-d-glucan biosynthetic pathway to produce UDP-glucose, the preferred substrate for cellulose biosynthesis 34,41,42 (Fig. 4a).…”

Proteomic Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Ligon lintless Mutant of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…Diverse signal transduction pathways were found to be involved in the regulation of fiber elongation including ethylene-, brassinosteroid (BR)-and auxin-mediated signalings. 5,8,45,46 We have previously reported that calcium signaling components such as calmodulin, CBL (calcineurin B-like protein) and CDPK (Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase) are up-regulated during fiber elongation. 47,48 Here we found that the expression of a calmodulin was highly suppressed in Li 1 fiber, thus further demonstrating the role of calcium signaling in fiber elongation.…”

The Cotton Transcription Factor TCP14 Functions in Auxin-Mediated Epidermal Cell Differentiation and Elongation

“…Like Arabidopsis trichomes, cotton fibers are derived from single epidermal cells (Basra and Malik, 1984). Regulation of cotton fiber development are attributed to multiple phytohormone signaling processes, of which the auxin signaling was shown to be important for fiber initiation and elongation (Samuel Yang et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2006;Gou et al, 2007). Several transcriptome analyses revealed the enriched transcripts of auxin response factors during fiber initiation and fastelongation stages (Gou et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2012), and external application of IAA promoted fiber initiation (Gialvalis and Seagull, 2001).…”

“…Regulation of cotton fiber development are attributed to multiple phytohormone signaling processes, of which the auxin signaling was shown to be important for fiber initiation and elongation (Samuel Yang et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2006;Gou et al, 2007). Several transcriptome analyses revealed the enriched transcripts of auxin response factors during fiber initiation and fastelongation stages (Gou et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2012), and external application of IAA promoted fiber initiation (Gialvalis and Seagull, 2001). Recently, Zhang et al (2011) showed that overexpression of the key IAA biosynthesis gene iaaM led to enhanced initiation of fiber cells on the ovule epidermal layer and increased fiber length.…”