Gene-Environment Interactions in Vitamin D Status and Sun Exposure: A Systematic Review with Recommendations for Future Research

Shraim, Rasha; MacDonnchadha, Conor; Vrbanic, Lauren; McManus, Ross; Zgaga, Lina

doi:10.3390/nu14132735

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A 23-80% heterogeneity in blood levels of vitamin D has been ascribed to genetic factors (13). Studies reporting varying heritability of vitamin D status by environments, such as season, have suggested that gene-environment interactions (GxE) play a key role (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein and 25-hydroxylase genes affect vitamin D levels in adolescents of Arab ethnicity in Kuwait

Rahman,

Abu-Farha,

Channanath

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widespread in the Arab world despite ample sunshine throughout the year. In our previous study, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors could explain only 45% of variability in vitamin D levels in Kuwaiti adolescents, suggesting that genetics might contribute to VDD in this region. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) and the GC globulin (GC) genes have been reported to affect vitamin D levels in various ethnic groups in adults. In this study, we investigated the association of two SNPs from GC (rs4588 and rs7041) and three SNPs from CYP2R1 (rs10741657, rs11023374 and rs12794714) with vitamin D levels and VDD in a nationally representative sample of adolescents of Arab ethnicity from Kuwait. Multivariable linear regression, corrected for age, sex, parental education, governorate, body mass index, and exposure to sun, demonstrated that each of the 5 study variants showed significant associations with plasma 25(OH)D levels in one or more of the additive, recessive, and dominant genetic models - the rs10741657 under all the three models, rs12794714 under both the additive and recessive models, rs7041 under the recessive model; and rs4588 and rs11023374 under the dominant model. Minor alleles at rs4588 (T), rs7041 (A), rs11023374 (C), and rs12794714 (A) led to a decrease in plasma 25(OH)D levels - rs4588:[β (95%CI) = -4.522 (-8.66,-0.38); p=0.033]; rs7041:[β (95%CI) = -6.139 (-11.12,-1.15); p=0.016]; rs11023374:[β (95%CI) = -4.296 (-8.18,-0.40); p=0.031]; and rs12794714:[β (95%CI) = -3.498 (-6.27,-0.72); p=0.014]. Minor allele A at rs10741657 was associated with higher levels of plasma 25(OH)D levels [β (95%CI) = 4.844 (1.62,8.06); p=0.003)] and lower odds of vitamin D deficiency (OR 0.40; p=0.002). These results suggest that the CYP2R1 and GC SNP variants are partly responsible for the high prevalence of VDD in Kuwait. Genotyping these variants may be considered for the prognosis of VDD in Kuwait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein and 25-hydroxylase genes affect vitamin D levels in adolescents of Arab ethnicity in Kuwait

Rahman,

Abu-Farha,

Channanath

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The available evidence supports GxE in skin cancer but further research is warranted. Future research on this topic would benefit from following the recommendations laid out in Dunn et al ( 2011 ) and Shraim et al ( 2022 ). In line with those recommendations, this review highlights the need for developing guidelines for GxE research and reporting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review on gene–sun exposure interactions in skin cancer

Shraim

Farran

et al. 2023

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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BackgroundThe risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene–environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates.MethodsWe searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064).ResultsIn total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis—12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC.ConclusionSun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make‐up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome‐wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.

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“…Environmental factors like sunlight exposure are known to influence VDR expression. 33 However, research often neglects these variables. Examining how these factors interact with vaccination-induced changes in VDR mRNA expression could provide insights into personalized vaccine responses.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VDR mRNA Expression And Serum Vitamin D Levels in Post-Covid Vaccinated Patients

Shende,

Rathored

2024

F1000Res

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The emergence of COVID-19 vaccines has reshaped the trajectory of the ongoing pandemic, offering hope for widespread immunity. Beyond conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines have exhibited intriguing immunomodulatory effects. This research explores the dynamic interplay among VDR mRNA expression levels, calcium (ionized and total), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations in individuals post-COVID-19 vaccination. The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and is closely intertwined with calcium homeostasis. This study investigates the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccination may induce alterations in VDR mRNA expression, subsequently influencing calcium metabolism and iPTH secretion. Our findings reveal dynamic shifts in VDR mRNA expression following COVID-19 vaccination, with distinct patterns observed across individuals. Concurrently, we observe ionized and total calcium levels alterations, hinting at potential links between VDR activity and calcium metabolism post-vaccination. Furthermore, iPTH levels exhibit intriguing fluctuations, suggesting a regulatory role of VDR in parathyroid hormone secretion. The integration of clinical outcomes and vaccine response data sheds light on the significance of these molecular and biochemical alterations. This research underscores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 vaccination on VDR mRNA expression, calcium homeostasis, and iPTH regulation. Beyond the scope of vaccination, our findings may bear implications for immunomodulation in various disease contexts, particularly in individuals with pre-existing calcium-related disorders. In conclusion, our study unveils the intricate relationships among VDR mRNA expression, calcium levels, and iPTH concentrations in the context of post-COVID-19 vaccination. These discoveries extend our understanding of vaccine-induced immunomodulation and may pave the way for personalized vaccination strategies, while also opening new avenues for investigating the role of VDR in immune responses and calcium regulation beyond the pandemic.

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Gene-Environment Interactions in Vitamin D Status and Sun Exposure: A Systematic Review with Recommendations for Future Research

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein and 25-hydroxylase genes affect vitamin D levels in adolescents of Arab ethnicity in Kuwait

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein and 25-hydroxylase genes affect vitamin D levels in adolescents of Arab ethnicity in Kuwait

Systematic review on gene–sun exposure interactions in skin cancer

VDR mRNA Expression And Serum Vitamin D Levels in Post-Covid Vaccinated Patients

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