Gene-Environment Interactions Controlling Energy and Glucose Homeostasis and the Developmental Origins of Obesity

Bouret, Sébastien G.; Levin, Barry E.; Ozanne, Susan E.

doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2014

Cited by 136 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 596 publications

(578 reference statements)

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“…Adverse nutritional and hormonal perinatal environments have been proposed to programme T2DM through inducing structural and functional alterations in key metabolic systems, including the brain, muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas [1,[7][8][9]. During embryonic and foetal development, intense epigenetic remodelling is necessary to enable the establishment of transcriptional programmes associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes

Ong

Ozanne

2015

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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Epigenetic processes may represent a central underlying mechanism of developmental programming of type 2 diabetes. During embryonic and foetal development, extensive epigenetic remodelling takes place not only in somatic but also in primordial germ cells. Therefore, concerns have been raised that epigenetic dysregulation induced by a suboptimal early environment could programme altered phenotypes not only in the first generation but also in the subsequent ones. Characterizing these altered epigenetic marks has great implications for identifying individuals at an increased disease risk as well as potentially leading to novel preventive and treatment strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes

Ong

Ozanne

2015

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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“…Since then, there have been many studies, particular animal studies that have verified this hypothesis and have demonstrated that malnutrition (both excess and deprivation) during pregnancy is associated with increased fat deposition in the offspring and may also directly impact the oocytes in females and primordial germ cells of male foetuses [20,21]. Furthermore, there is evidence that in utero over or under nutrition can affect DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification as well as gene expression of target genes involved in insulin signalling and fatty acid metabolism [22,23].…”

Section: Early Life Epigenetic Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes substances (adipokines) that impact metabolism in other tissues, proteomic analysis of these factors is of interest. Human primary subcutaneous adipose tissue cells were cultured and tandem mass spectrometry used to analyse the secretome of the cells [21]. As well as the detection of a number of well-characterised adipokines-like adiponectin (validating the technique), this method leads to the identification of multiple serine protease inhibitors (called serpins) [21].…”

Section: Proteomic Changes In Human Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human primary subcutaneous adipose tissue cells were cultured and tandem mass spectrometry used to analyse the secretome of the cells [21]. As well as the detection of a number of well-characterised adipokines-like adiponectin (validating the technique), this method leads to the identification of multiple serine protease inhibitors (called serpins) [21]. Using this proteomics approach and exposing the adipose cells to different metabolic states and treatments, may be a way to further elucidate the factors that are released by adipocytes, the quantities by which they are released and under which conditions they are released.…”

Section: Proteomic Changes In Human Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Omics of Obesity

Henstridge¹,

Bozaoglu²

2017

Adiposity - Omics and Molecular Understanding

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Obesity is a complex multi-faceted disease affecting billions of people worldwide. Traditionally, obesity was thought to be a consequence of having access to energy dense food and busy lifestyles that do not factor in sufficient physical activity. Although diet and exercise play a major role in obesity development, these are not the only contributors. It is widely accepted that genetic and epigenetic factors also play a major role in obesity development and these in turn affect the lipidome, metabolome and proteome. With new technological advances, it is now possible to delve into these specific areas to further understand the mechanisms involved in obesity development. These technologies are collectively termed "omics" technologies, and this chapter will summarise the recent advances in obesity and metabolism research and describe new technologies that have been used to identify mechanisms that play a major role in the development of obesity. In particular, we will examine the different omics platforms that are available and have been used to study obesity. Collectively, these studies will be fundamental in identifying new and effective treatment strategies.

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“…epigenetic changes in the underlying metabolic tissues of the offspring that persisted after birth and result in permanent changes in the function of the gene [29].…”

Section: Journal Of Clinical Epigenetics Issn 2472-1158mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Epigenetics in the Etiology of Obesity: A Review

Lima¹,

Hayashi²,

Lima³

et al. 2017

J Clin Epigenet

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Obesity is highly prevalent in developed countries and contributes to a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity is often accompanied by comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, low-grade inflammation, immune disorders, endocrine complications, and sleep apnea, which may require specific dietary and pharmacological interventions. The current obesity epidemic requires a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which genetic and epigenetic factors interact to determine metabolic characteristics. Epigenetic studies are dynamic; tags with reversible potential can be influenced by genetics and environment attributing phenotypic variations. There are large knowledge gaps regarding how human epigenetic changes are related to obesity and its consequences. Therefore, the present study elucidates the role of epigenetics in the etiology of obesity. Recent studies suggest that the epigenetic regulation of gene expression (DNA methylation and histone modifications) could be a major contributor to the variation of susceptibility to diseases such as obesity. The identification of genes that determine obesity susceptibility can provide information on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying body weight regulation, food intake control and fat distribution, which in turn can lead to new approaches to treatment and prevention of obesity.

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Gene-Environment Interactions Controlling Energy and Glucose Homeostasis and the Developmental Origins of Obesity

Cited by 136 publications

References 596 publications

Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes

Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes

The Omics of Obesity

The Role of Epigenetics in the Etiology of Obesity: A Review

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