Gene electrotransfer into skin using noninvasive multi-electrode array for vaccination and wound healing

Transcutaneous delivery of DNA/mRNA for cancer therapeutic vaccination

“…Besides being employed for enhancing transcutaneous gene delivery, electroporation is also helpful for promoting intracellular DNA vaccine delivery and is used locally after intramuscular injection or intradermal injection . To decrease the discomfort and skin damage, a non‐invasive device such as a multi‐electrode array has been designed to minimize the applied voltage by maintaining a short electrode distance . Moreover, the depth of penetration of an electric field produced by this electrode device is much easier to control.…”

“…Genetic immunization with OVA pDNA or OVA mRNA led to antigen expression in both skin DCs and non‐immune cells, providing potent immune responses for cancer vaccination. For example, the effectiveness of OVA pDNA vaccines in the B16‐OVA tumor‐bearing mice was demonstrated using non‐invasive multi‐electrode array‐mediated transcutaneous vaccination and hair follicle‐channeled delivery by plucking the hair using waxing . A combination of nanotechnology with microneedles is promising in TCI.…”

Development of Tumor Cell-Based Vaccine with IL-12 Gene Electrotransfer as Adjuvant

“…One of the most utilized non-viral methods for gene delivery is gene electrotransfer (GET) that was proven promising for in vivo localized delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) [15,16]. IL-12 GET was tested for localized intratumoral or peritumoral delivery or as an adjuvant to vaccines administered intradermally or intramuscularly in numerous preclinical studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and is currently under clinical evaluation [26].Routine cancer therapies are usually multimodal. Immunotherapies are often combined with tumor ablation therapies, such as radiotherapy.…”

“…Aside from the obvious tumor ablation effects, radiotherapy also has immunological effects. It has the ability to shift the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunoreactive through several events, including the enhancement of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility class I molecules (MHC-I) [27][28][29], transient normalization of tumor vasculature that enables a greater immune cell infiltration, and induction of immunogenic cell death [30][31][32].Our previous approach to vaccination was in situ vaccination using electrochemotherapy to release the TAA, which we then boosted with intradermal IL-12 GET around the tumor, i.e., peritumorally [17][18][19][20]. In this study, we aimed to simulate this phenomenon distant from the tumor for potential treatment of deep-seated tumors that cannot be reached by electrochemotherapy.…”

“…Our previous approach to vaccination was in situ vaccination using electrochemotherapy to release the TAA, which we then boosted with intradermal IL-12 GET around the tumor, i.e., peritumorally [17][18][19][20]. In this study, we aimed to simulate this phenomenon distant from the tumor for potential treatment of deep-seated tumors that cannot be reached by electrochemotherapy.…”