Gene editing and mutagenesis reveal inter-cultivar differences and additivity in the contribution of <i>TaGW2</i> homoeologues to grain size and weight in wheat

Wang, Wei; Simmonds, James; Pan, Qianli; Davidson, Dwight; He, Fei; Battal, Abdulhamit; Akhunova, Alina; Trick, Harold N.; Uauy, Cristóbal; Akhunov, Eduard

doi:10.1101/327874

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, variation in the GW2 gene in rice leads to grain weight differences of up to 50%, whereas a similar mutant in a single genome of the wheat ortholog ( TaGW2‐A ) affects grain weight by only approximately 7% in wheat (Song et al ; Simmonds et al ). This hypothesis is supported by the fact that downregulating multiple homoeologs of TaGW2 has an additive effect, with simultaneous downregulation of all three homoeologs, by gene editing and mutants, increasing grain weight by 16.3% and 20.7%, respectively (Figure B; Wang et al ).…”

Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Data used detailed in Table . ( B ) Effects of deleterious mutations in TaGW2 (adapted from Wang et al ). Twenty representative grains are shown for each line.…”

Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of this is the centromeric region of chromosome 6A in wheat which has been associated with grain weight and yield in several studies and to which the wheat ortholog of rice GRAIN WEIGHT 2 ( GW2 ) gene has been mapped (Song et al ; Simmonds et al ; Sukumaran et al ; Sukumaran et al ; Zhang et al ). TaGW2 has been validated as a negative regulator of grain size and weight in wheat through gene editing and mutant analysis (Yang et al ; Simmonds et al ; Wang et al ; Zhang et al ). However, care must be taken to associate haplotypes of GW2 with these yield effects (Su et al ; Zhang et al ), given that linkage disequilibrium in this region is extensive.…”

Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will be important due to the subtle effects of grain weight QTL in hexaploid wheat compared to grain weight QTL in diploid species (Figure A). Simultaneously modulating the function of all three homoeologs has the potential to expand the range of phenotypic variation and achieve effects comparable to those in diploids, as evidenced by the GW2 example (Figure B) and additional traits (Song et al ; Borrill et al ; Wang et al ).…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Brinton

Uauy

2019

JIPB

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122

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Grain yield is a highly polygenic trait that is influenced by the environment and integrates events throughout the life cycle of a plant. In wheat, the major grain yield components often present compensatory effects among them, which alongside the polyploid nature of wheat, makes their genetic and physiological study challenging. We propose a reductionist and systematic approach as an initial step to understand the gene networks regulating each individual yield component. Here, we focus on grain weight and discuss the importance of examining individual sub‐components, not only to help in their genetic dissection, but also to inform our mechanistic understanding of how they interrelate. This knowledge should allow the development of novel combinations, across homoeologs and between complementary modes of action, thereby advancing towards a more integrated strategy for yield improvement. We argue that this will break barriers in terms of phenotypic variation, enhance our understanding of the physiology of yield, and potentially deliver improved on‐farm yield.

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Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Data used detailed in Table . ( B ) Effects of deleterious mutations in TaGW2 (adapted from Wang et al ). Twenty representative grains are shown for each line.…”

Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Control Of Grain Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Brinton

Uauy

2019

JIPB

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122

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“…This dosage effect can be: (i) additive where mutations in increasing numbers of copies lead to proportionally more extreme phenotypes; or (ii) non‐additive whereby single or double mutants have subtle phenotypes that become more extreme when combined as triple mutants. Additive examples include genes controlling grain protein content (GPC; Avni et al ., ), grain size ( GW2 ; Wang et al ., 2018b) and red pericarp colour ( R ; Himi et al ., ), whereas non‐additive genes include Waxy controlling amylopectin content (Kim et al ., ).…”

Section: Homoeologs and Bufferingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the latest advances in genomics and phenomics for trait discovery in polyploid wheat

2018

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Summary Improving traits in wheat has historically been challenging due to its large and polyploid genome, limited genetic diversity and in‐field phenotyping constraints. However, within recent years many of these barriers have been lowered. The availability of a chromosome‐level assembly of the wheat genome now facilitates a step‐change in wheat genetics and provides a common platform for resources, including variation data, gene expression data and genetic markers. The development of sequenced mutant populations and gene‐editing techniques now enables the rapid assessment of gene function in wheat directly. The ability to alter gene function in a targeted manner will unmask the effects of homoeolog redundancy and allow the hidden potential of this polyploid genome to be discovered. New techniques to identify and exploit the genetic diversity within wheat wild relatives now enable wheat breeders to take advantage of these additional sources of variation to address challenges facing food production. Finally, advances in phenomics have unlocked rapid screening of populations for many traits of interest both in greenhouses and in the field. Looking forwards, integrating diverse data types, including genomic, epigenetic and phenomics data, will take advantage of big data approaches including machine learning to understand trait biology in wheat in unprecedented detail.

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Revisiting CRISPR/Cas-mediated crop improvement: Special focus on nutrition

et al. 2020

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Genome editing (GE) technology has emerged as a multifaceted strategy that instantaneously popularised the mechanism to modify the genetic constitution of an organism. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein-based genome editing (CRISPR/Cas) approach has huge potential for efficacious editing of genomes of numerous organisms. This framework has demonstrated to be more economical in contrast to mega-nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for its flexibility, versatility, and potency. The advent of sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) allowed the precise induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) into the genome, ensuring desired alterations through non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways. Researchers have utilized CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome alterations across crop varieties to generate desirable characteristics for yield enhancement, enriched nutritional quality, and stressresistance. Here, we highlighted the recent progress in the area of nutritional improvement of crops via the CRISPR/Cas-based tools for fundamental plant research and crop genetic advancements. Application of this genome editing aids in unraveling the basic biology facts in plants supplemented by the incorporation of genome-wide association studies, artificial intelligence, and various bioinformatic frameworks, thereby providing futuristic model studies and their affirmations. Strategies for reducing the 'off-target' effects and the societal approval of genome-modified crops developed via this modern biotechnological approach have been reviewed.

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Gene editing and mutagenesis reveal inter-cultivar differences and additivity in the contribution of TaGW2 homoeologues to grain size and weight in wheat

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat

Applying the latest advances in genomics and phenomics for trait discovery in polyploid wheat

Revisiting CRISPR/Cas-mediated crop improvement: Special focus on nutrition

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