Gene duplication, tissue-specific gene expression and sexual conflict in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

Baker, Richard H.; Narechania, Apurva; Johns, Philip M.; Wilkinson, Gerald S.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0287

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Such tools may also inform us about sex differences in intrasexual competition, as different hormones and other mechanisms may be related to aggressive interactions in males and females [55,56]. Similarly, as Baker et al [57] demonstrate here, new genomic tools used to study genetic architecture and gene expression will be valuable for not only understanding female choice, but also sexual conflict, sexual dimorphism and other topics related to trait evolution.…”

Section: Competition Choice and The Futurementioning

confidence: 66%

Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining female roles

Rubenstein

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Males figured more prominently than females in Darwin's view of sexual selection. He considered female choice of secondary importance to male–male competition as a mechanism to explain the evolution of male ornaments and armaments. Fisher later demonstrated the importance of female choice in driving male trait evolution, but his ideas were largely ignored for decades. As sexual selection came to embrace the notions of parent–offspring and sexual conflict, and experimental tests of female choice showed promise, females began to feature more prominently in the framework of sexual selection theory. Recent debate over this theory has centred around the role of females, not only over the question of choice, but also over female–female competition. Whereas some have called for expanding the sexual selection framework to encompass all forms of female–female competition, others have called for subsuming sexual selection within a broader framework of social selection, or replacing it altogether. Still others have argued for linking sexual selection more clearly to other evolutionary theories such as kin selection. Rather than simply debating terminology, we must take a broader view of the general processes that lead to trait evolution in both sexes by clearly defining the roles that females play in the process, and by focusing on intra- and inter-sexual interactions in males and females.

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Section: Competition Choice and The Futurementioning

confidence: 66%

Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining female roles

Rubenstein

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Because 90% of the annotated X-linked genes in T. dalmanni are found on chromosome arm 2L in D. melanogaster and 3R in A. gambiae [18], [52], we assume that genes on chromosome arm 2L in D. melanogaster were on an ancestral X chromosome and must have moved if they are now located on a T. dalmanni autosome. De novo assembly of RNA sequences from Illumina sequencing data obtained from testes and adult heads revealed that many gene movements involve a duplicate gene copy [67] as would be expected if movement is caused by retrotransposition. We then compared the pattern of sex-bias for genes inferred to have moved onto or off the novel X using contingency table tests and either the distribution of genes on the autosomes or on the X as the expectation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Analysis of the transcriptome from a wider array of tissues across development would help reveal the extent to which additional genes that affect eyestalks exhibit pleiotropic effects. Gene duplication, in particular, may provide a powerful mechanism for resolving sexual conflict [23] and a recent analysis of RNA-seq data in T. dalmanni revealed that genes that have duplicated in stalk-eyed flies are more likely to exhibit sex-biased gene expression [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Biased Gene Expression during Head Development in a Sexually Dimorphic Stalk-Eyed Fly

et al. 2013

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Stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae) are a model system for studying sexual selection due to the elongated and sexually dimorphic eye-stalks found in many species. These flies are of additional interest because their X chromosome is derived largely from an autosomal arm in other flies. To identify candidate genes required for development of dimorphic eyestalks and investigate how sex-biased expression arose on the novel X, we compared gene expression between males and females using oligonucleotide microarrays and RNA from developing eyestalk tissue or adult heads in the dimorphic diopsid, Teleopsis dalmanni. Microarray analysis revealed sex-biased expression for 26% of 3,748 genes expressed in eye-antennal imaginal discs and concordant sex-biased expression for 86 genes in adult heads. Overall, 415 female-biased and 482 male-biased genes were associated with dimorphic eyestalk development but not differential expression in the adult head. Functional analysis revealed that male-biased genes are disproportionately associated with growth and mitochondrial function while female-biased genes are associated with cell differentiation and patterning or are novel transcripts. With regard to chromosomal effects, dosage compensation occurs by elevated expression of X-linked genes in males. Genes with female-biased expression were more common on the X and less common on autosomes than expected, while male-biased genes exhibited no chromosomal pattern. Rates of protein evolution were lower for female-biased genes but higher for genes that moved on or off the novel X chromosome. These findings cannot be due to meiotic sex chromosome inactivation or by constraints associated with dosage compensation. Instead, they could be consistent with sexual conflict in which female-biased genes on the novel X act primarily to reduce eyespan in females while other genes increase eyespan in both sexes. Additional information on sex-biased gene expression in other tissues and related sexually monomorphic species could confirm this interpretation.

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“…Rapid evolution of young and novel genes is a feature also shared by sex-biased and sex-related genes, especially male reproductive genes, and is often attributed to positive selection [Wyckoff et al, 2000;Swanson and Vacquier, 2002;Haerty et al, 2007]. Studies have shown that duplicated genes can evolve new male-specific functions [Torgerson and Singh, 2004;Duncan et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012] and are correlated with male-biased and male-specific genes in Caenorhabditis [Cutter and Ward, 2005], Drosophila [Gnad and Parsch, 2006;Wyman et al, 2012], and Teleopsis [Baker et al, 2012]. The degree to which duplicated genes contribute to sex-biased gene expression in most other organisms is not known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex-Biased Expression of Young Genes in <b><i>Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis</i></b>

Chain

2015

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Sex-biased gene expression can evolve from sex-specific selection and is often associated with sex-linked genes. Gene duplication is a particularly effective mechanism for the generation of sex-biased genes, in which a new copy can help resolve intralocus sexual conflicts. This study assesses sex-biased gene expression in an amphibian with homomorphic ZW sex chromosomes, the Western clawed frog Silurana (Xenopus)tropicalis. Previous work has shown that the sex chromosomes in this species are mainly undifferentiated and pseudoautosomal. Consistent with ongoing recombination between the sex chromosomes, this study detected little evidence for the general sexualization of sex-linked regions. A subset of genes closely linked to the sex determining locus displays a tendency for male-biased expression and elevated rates of evolution relative to genes in other genomic locations. This may be a symptom of an early stage of sex chromosome differentiation driven by, for example, chromosomal degeneration or natural selection on genes in this portion of the Z chromosome. Alternatively, it could reflect variation between the sexes in allelic copy number coupled with a lack of dosage compensation. Irrespective of the genomic location, lineage-specific genes and recently duplicated genes had significantly high levels of sex-biased expression, offering insights into the early transcriptional differentiation of young genes.

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Gene duplication, tissue-specific gene expression and sexual conflict in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 149 publications

Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining female roles

Sexual and social competition: broadening perspectives by defining female roles

Sex-Biased Gene Expression during Head Development in a Sexually Dimorphic Stalk-Eyed Fly

Sex-Biased Expression of Young Genes in <b><i>Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis</i></b>

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