Gene dosage compensation in trisomies of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Devlin, Robert H.; Grigliatti, Thomas A.; Holm, David G.

doi:10.1002/dvg.1020060104

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…While the phenomenon occurs at both developmental stages, it appears that for any one locus or particular trisomic, the compensation may be specific to developmental stage. Indeed, whole arm trisomics for the left arm of two exhibit a dosage effect for ADH levels in larvae (DEVLIN, HOLM and GRIGLIATTI 1982), yet, as reported here, ADH is compensated in a trisomic composed of a quarter of the euchromatic portion of 2L in adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Analysis of autosomal dosage compensation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

Birchler¹,

Hiebert²,

Paigen³

1990

Genetics

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An example of autosomal dosage compensation involving the expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus is described. Flies trisomic for a quarter of the length of the left arm of chromosome two, including Adh, have diploid levels of enzyme activity and alcohol dehydrogenase messenger RNA. Subdivision of the compensating trisomic into smaller ones revealed a region that exerts an inverse regulatory effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and messenger RNA levels and a smaller region surrounding the structural gene that exhibits a direct gene dosage response. The two opposing effects are of sufficient magnitude that they cancel when simultaneously present resulting in the observed compensation in the larger aneuploid. An Adh promoter-white structural gene fusion construct is affected by the inverse regulatory region indicating that the effect is mediated through the Adh promoter sequences. The role of autosomal dosage compensation in understanding aneuploid syndromes and karyotype evolution in Drosophila species is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Analysis of autosomal dosage compensation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

Birchler¹,

Hiebert²,

Paigen³

1990

Genetics

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“…Autosomal dosage compensation mechanisms in response to aneuploidy in Drosophila do not appear to function by silencing the expression of alleles of a gene [61, 62], but rather appear to be transcriptionally regulated and operate at the individual gene level (including transgene inserts) rather than on chromosome segments [21, 24, 61, 62]. It has been proposed that regulatory loci acting in a negative fashion operate to suppress the expression of genes in a trans fashion [21, 23, 63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of triploidy on liver gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under different metabolic states

et al. 2019

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Background Triploid coho salmon are excellent models for studying gene dosage and the effects of increased cell volume on gene expression. Triploids have an additional haploid genome in each cell and have fewer but larger cells than diploid coho salmon to accommodate the increased genome size. Studying gene expression in triploid coho salmon provides insight into how gene expression may have been affected after the salmonid-specific genome duplication which occurred some 90 MYA. Triploid coho salmon are sterile and consequently can live longer and grow larger than diploid congeners in many semelparous species (spawning only once) because they never reach maturity and post-spawning mortality is averted. Triploid fishes are also of interest to the commercial sector (larger fish are more valuable) and to fisheries management since sterile fish can potentially minimize negative impacts of escaped fish in the wild. Results The vast majority of genes in liver tissue had similar expression levels between diploid and triploid coho salmon, indicating that the same amount of mRNA transcripts were being produced per gene copy (positive gene dosage effects) within a larger volume cell. Several genes related to nutrition and compensatory growth were differentially expressed between diploid and triploid salmon, indicating that some loci are sensitive to cell size and/or DNA content per cell. To examine how robust expression between ploidies is under different conditions, a genetic/metabolic modifier in the form of different doses of a growth hormone transgene was used to assess gene expression under conditions that the genome has not naturally experienced or adapted to. While many (up to 1400) genes were differentially expressed between non-transgenic and transgenic fish, relatively few genes were differentially expressed between diploids and triploids with similar doses of the transgene. These observations indicate that the small effect of ploidy on gene expression is robust to large changes in physiological state. Conclusions These findings are of interest from a gene regulatory perspective, but also valuable for understanding phenotypic effects in triploids, transgenics, and triploid transgenics that could affect their utility in culture conditions and their fitness and potential consequences of release into nature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5655-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The following gene-enzyme systems were examined (in the format: gene, enzyme, enzyme abbreviation, enzyme commission number): Pgk, phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK, EC.2.7.2.3; Gpdh, a-glycerol-3phosphate dehydrogenase, GPDH, EC 1.1.1.8; Adh, alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH, EC 1.1.1.1 ; Zdh, isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH, EC 1.1.1.42; Pgd, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, GPGD, EC 1.1.1.44; Ak, arginine kinase, AK, EC 2.7.3.3; Pgm, phosphoglucomutase, EC 2.7.5.1; Cut, catalase, CAT, EC 1.11.1.6; Men, malic enzyme, ME, EC 1.1.1.40; Pgi, phosphoglucoisomerase, PGI, EC 5.3.1.9; Fum, fumarase, Fum, EC 4.2.1.2; Gpt, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, GPT, EC 2.6.2.1 ; Zw, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, GGPD, EC 1.1.1.49. The assays for these enzymes have been described GRIG-LIATTI 1982, 1985;DEVLIN, GRICLIATTI and HOLM 1985).…”

Section: Genetic Stocks and Crossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many X-linked loci synthesize diploid levels of product in these hyperploids (LUCCHESI 1983). This includes the X-linked gene encoding the 1-a variant of larval serum protein (DEVLIN, HOLM and GRICLIATTI 1985). A related autosomal gene, located on 3L, also displays a reduction in expression in metafemales (see below).…”

Section: Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of whole-arm trisomy on gene expression in Drosophila.

Devlin¹,

Holm²,

Grigliatti³

1988

Genetics

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The biochemical consequences of extensive aneuploidy in Drosophila have been examined by measuring the levels of specific proteins in larvae trisomic for entire chromosome arms. By far the most common effect is a reduction in gene product levels (per gene template) by one-third from the diploid quantity, consistent with the model that concentration-dependent repressors of these loci reside on the duplicated chromosome arms. Most loci appear sensitive to such repression in one or more of the trisomies examined, suggesting that such regulatory loci might be quite common. Repression of gene-product levels in trisomies may significantly contribute to their inviability. Few loci are activated in trisomies implying that most factors necessary for gene expression are in excess. While autosomal trisomies can repress the expression of both X-linked and autosomal loci, X-chromosomal trisomies have little effect on most autosomal genes. A family of genes coding for larval serum proteins do not respond similarly in trisomies, suggesting that regulation operates on a process which is not common to their coordinate regulation. Finally, Adh genes transposed to new chromosomal positions maintain their ability to be repressed in 3L trisomies suggesting that this response to regulation involves a closely linked cis-acting regulatory element.

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Gene dosage compensation in trisomies of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Analysis of autosomal dosage compensation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

Analysis of autosomal dosage compensation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

Effect of triploidy on liver gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under different metabolic states

The influence of whole-arm trisomy on gene expression in Drosophila.

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