Gene Clusters and the HLA System

Bodmer, Walter F.

doi:10.1002/9780470720486.ch9

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This close linkage of families of loci coding for gene products that markedly differ from each other with respect to biochemical structure as well as function, has provoked speculation concerning the possibility of a common evolutionary origin from an ancestral gene, which has diversified after gene duplications. Strong selective forces might have kept these loci tightly together, thus creating a sort of "supergene" (Bodmer 1979, Amos 1981.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New recombinants within the MHC (B‐complex) of the chicken

Koch

Skjødt

Toivanen³

et al. 1983

Tissue Antigens

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In a search for genetic recombinations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, the B‐complex, the offspring from matings between heterozygous B15/B21 and B4/B6 animals were analysed by red cell agglutination. Among the progeny, 8,912 informative typings were performed. Four recombinants were found, all separating the B‐complex loci B‐F and B‐G (B‐F codes for Class I antigens, B‐G codes for an antigen of which there is no known homologue in mammals). B‐L (Class II antigen) always followed B‐F. Stimulation in graft versus host reactions and in mixed lymphocyte cultures followed B‐F/B‐L. The mapping distance between the two loci B‐F and B‐G is in the range of 0.04 centimorgan. The lack of recombinants separating individual B‐F loci in this study and in the studies of others might indicate that chicken MHC is less complex than those of mammalian species, but alternative explanations are also possible. So far no serologically defined recombinant separating Class I (B‐F) and Class II (B‐L) loci has been found.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

New recombinants within the MHC (B‐complex) of the chicken

Koch

Skjødt

Toivanen³

et al. 1983

Tissue Antigens

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“…Molecular Genotyping Tools Revealing Genetic Diversity Whenever homologous genes are tandemly arranged in (short) chromosomal regions, then transfer of gene segments will occur between loci based on evolution through gene conversion or doubled unequal crossing-over [58,59]. Expectedly, the of gene segments will occur among genes of different loci and support the evolution of a supergene family of Bodmer theory [39]. Therefore, gene identity among alleles is roughly 90% of amino acid identity, while it is 85% among genes of different loci [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plausibly, markers among interrelated functional genes (which may be clustered to form supergenes such as MHC in man and mice) are considered as the observed LD caused by epistatic tness interactions (natural selection) [39,40]. For exotic stevia germlines of non-Egyptian sources and the random mating type of stevia, the structured populations in Egypt could be affected by migration between sub-populations (colonies).…”

Section: Scot16-250)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of SCoT-Based Populations Depict Genotypic Diversity of Six Stevia Germlines in Egypt

Hashem,

Eissa,

AbouEldahab

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The quick response (QR) codes produce unique patterns based on the black and white spots distribution. If germlines were ordered vertically in columns and alleles horizontally in rows, the presence (+ 1) and absence (0) of alleles could respectively be considered as the black and white spots. Consequently, the vertical and horizontal differential distribution of these black and white spots in a genotype can produce unique QR-like patterns (QRLP). The variation among these QRLP depends on the composition of alleles resembling the genetics embedded in the DNA. Accordingly, six stevia germlines were genotyped using 14 SCoT primers that generated 1320 allelic forms with 3.26% and 1.06% of uniquely positive and negative effects; respectively. Of the 1320 alleles (83.41% of polymorphs), 220 polymorphs encompassed 180–185 alleles representing the population size of effective interacting alleles (ne). The genetic diversity of SCoT was averaged across the observed number of alleles (Mean = 0.174; StDev = 0.44) and varied (Mean = 1.5; StDev = 0.35). Correspondingly, the Nei’s gene diversity (h) of observed heterozygosity (Mean = 0.27; StDev = 0.18) and the Shannon index (Mean = 0.41; StDev = 0.26) were different. Therefore, the gene/allele frequency that was discovered among the populations of SCoT loci varied (0.17, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, 0.83, and 1). The dominant SCoT, in the current study, along with the unweighted pair-group of arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis concluded four interacting ancestors configuring the genetics in the six stevia germlines. The study can be considered the first showing the SCoT marker as the best QRLP producer exclaiming the differential diversity despite the size of genotyped alleles.

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The Genetics of the Complement System

Lachmann¹,

Hobart²

1979

Ciba Foundation Symposium 66 ‐ Human Genetics: Possibilities and Realities

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Gene Clusters and the HLA System

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

New recombinants within the MHC (B‐complex) of the chicken

New recombinants within the MHC (B‐complex) of the chicken

Distribution of SCoT-Based Populations Depict Genotypic Diversity of Six Stevia Germlines in Egypt

The Genetics of the Complement System

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