Gene atlas of iron‐containing proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

SUMMARY Iron (Fe) is an essential element for the development and physiology of plants, owing to its presence in numerous proteins involved in central biological processes. Here, we established an exhaustive, manually curated inventory of genes encoding Fe‐containing proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, and summarized their subcellular localization, spatiotemporal expression and evolutionary age. We have currently identified 1068 genes encoding potential Fe‐containing proteins, including 204 iron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) proteins, 446 haem proteins and 330 non‐Fe‐S/non‐haem Fe proteins (updates of this atlas are available at https://conf.arabidopsis.org/display/COM/Atlas%2Bof%2BFe%2Bcontaining%2Bproteins). A fourth class, containing 88 genes for which iron binding is uncertain, is indexed as ‘unclear’. The proteins are distributed in diverse subcellular compartments with strong differences per category. Interestingly, analysis of the gene age index showed that most genes were acquired early in plant evolutionary history and have progressively gained regulatory elements, to support the complex organ‐specific and development‐specific functions necessitated by the emergence of terrestrial plants. With this gene atlas, we provide a valuable and updateable tool for the research community that supports the characterization of the molecular actors and mechanisms important for Fe metabolism in plants. This will also help in selecting relevant targets for breeding or biotechnological approaches aiming at Fe biofortification in crops.

Genetic dissection of grain iron and zinc, and thousand kernel weight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using genome-wide association study

“…FRD3 MATE transporter locus reveals cross-talk between Fe homeostasis and Zn tolerance in Arabidopsis by loading Zn into xylem 62 . MATE is also a candidate for the mechanism of Fe influx into aerial parts of the plant and the distribution of intracellular Fe 63 , 64 .…”

“…Putative candidate genes identified for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW along with their molecular functions. Iron translocation in bread wheat 59 Efficient translocation of iron from roots to shoots in rice 60 Iron homoeostasis in Arabidopsis 61,81,82 Fe homeostasis and Zn tolerance in Arabidopsis 62 Fe influx into aerial parts of the plant and/or for the distribution of intracellular Fe 63,64 Aluminum tolerance and iron translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana 65 Iron transportation in rice 83 Efficient translocation of Fe under limited Fe conditions in rice 60 Efficient translocation of iron in Arabidopsis 84 Overexpression of MtMATE69 affected Fe and Zn accumulation in M. truncatula and play role in Fe nutrition 85 Iron efficiency in soybean 86 (2). A similar trend on MTAs identified in the D subgenome for GFeC and GZnC 41 and yield-contributing traits 49,50 .…”

Maturation and Assembly of Iron-Sulfur Cluster-Containing Subunits in the Mitochondrial Complex I From Plants

“…There are about 40 Fe-S proteins in Arabidopsis mitochondria present either in respiratory complexes or in the matrix ( Przybyla-Toscano et al, 2021a ). Only two types of proteins (ISU and GRXS15) should be involved in the maturation of [2Fe-2S] clusters and four types of proteins or protein couples (NFU, GRXS15/BOLA, ISCA/IBA57, INDH) in the maturation of [4Fe-4S] clusters.…”

MicroRNA Mediated Plant Responses to Nutrient Stress

“…An essential ingredient in hemoglobin is iron (Fe) [ 118 ]. Fe is usually inaccessible to plants due to its inadequate solubility in neutral and alkaline soils.…”