Gene and Protein Expression of Chemokine (C-C-Motif) Ligand 19 is Upregulated in Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

Abstract

CCL19 is significantly overexpressed in patients with unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques and may be a possible novel biomarker for identifying high-risk patients in whom more urgent intervention may be indicated.

Investigation of Plasma Inflammatory Profile in Diabetic Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Pilot Study

“…13 -17 The CCL19 expression increased in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques and was significantly upregulated in clinically unstable plaques compared to stable plaques. 15,16 In addition, its expression was increased in plasma of patients with coronary artery disease, and its expression in atherosclerotic coronary plaques positively correlated with coronary lesion stage. 16 Experimental studies further revealed that CCL19 enhanced monocyte adhesion and promoted an inflammatory phenotype in T cells and macrophages.…”

IGFBP6 Is Downregulated in Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques According to an Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Verification

“…The inclusion standards of microarray data were as follows: 1) Data sets were composed of expression profiles in patients with stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques published in the past 10 years. 2) Stable and unstable plaques were defined in accordance with clinical (symptomatic or asymptomatic) or histologic criteria 8 ) . 3) Data sets were raw.…”

“…Atherosclerotic plaques were obtained during the procedures, and intact pieces of plaques were cut into two parts, with one part stored in 4% paraformaldehyde for histology and immunohistochemistry and another part frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction. The plaques were classified as stable or unstable, in accordance with the clinical and histology standards as described 8 ) . The clinical criteria for the unstable plaques were the onset of transient ischemic attack, stroke, or amaurosis fugax within 6 months before the carotid endarterectomy.…”

“…Wang et al 7 ) have reported that differentially expressed collagen type III alpha 1 chain ( COL3A1 ), collagen type I alpha 2 chain ( COL1A2 ), asporin ( ASPN ), and pre-platelet basic protein may play crucial roles in the formation of unstable plaques, as revealed through a bioinformatics analysis. A microarray-based study 8 ) revealed that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 ( CCL19 ) is upregulated in unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques. However, the study analyzed datasets individually, which may introduce biases because of the heterogeneity of selected datasets and patient cohorts, and the results could be inconsistent among various high-throughput platforms.…”

A New Candidate in the Search for Mr. Right

“…Salem et al 1 have proved upregulation of CCL19 in serum and plaque analysis of symptomatic carotid stenosis patients, with good correlation with the inflammatory activity within the plaque, in a very thorough study. This kind of study not only detects and targets a specific gene or protein for translational application, but also highlights the role of a specific pathway in the pathophysiology of the disease and for further research.…”