Gene and Protein Accumulation Changes Evoked in Porcine Aorta in Response to Feeding with Two Various Fructan Sources

Abstract

In this study, two different ITFs sources were incorporated into a cereal-based diet to evaluate possible aortic protein and gene changes in nursery pigs. The animals were fed two different experimental diets from the 10th day of life, supplemented with either 4% of dried chicory root (CR) or with 2% of native inulin (IN). After a 40-day dietary intervention trial, pigs were sacrificed at day 50 and the aortas were harvested. Our data indicate that dietary ITFs have the potential to influence several structural and physiological changes that are reflected both in the mRNA and protein levels in porcine aorta. In contrast to our hypothesis, we could not show any beneficial effects of a CR diet on vascular functions. The direction of changes of several proteins and genes may indicate disrupted ECM turnover (COL6A1 and COL6A2, MMP2, TIMP3, EFEMP1), increased inflammation and lipid accumulation (FFAR2), as well as decreased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (TXNDC5, ORM1). On the other hand, the IN diet may counteract a highly pro-oxidant environment through the endothelin–NO axis (CALR, TCP1, HSP8, PDIA3, RCN2), fibrinolytic activity (ANXA2), anti-atherogenic (CAVIN-1) and anti-calcification (LMNA) properties, thus contributing to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.

Thioredoxin Domain Containing 5 (TXNDC5): Friend or Foe?

“…Various studies have shown that both DF and hyperlipidemia have a significant impact on the endothelial expression of TXNDC5, and also TXNDC5 mediates TNF-α-induced NOX activation in ECs [43,182,184]. However, the TXNDC5 protein level, when exposed to aeroplysinin-1 as a modulator of the redox balance in ECs, is downregulated [185], and a chicory root diet increased it in porcine aorta [186]. TXNDC5 promotes endothelial activation and atherogenesis induced by DF.…”