“…Women often invest more effort in building social networks [ 25 ], but face institutional barriers that limit their access to education and employment, ultimately impacting their social capital [ 26 ]. The imbalanced distribution of household and caregiving responsibilities [ 27 ], along with the limited presence in leadership positions [ 28 ], deepens these inequalities, potentially impeding women's capacity to utilize social capital for better health outcomes. Therefore, the current study delves into this critical issue, investigating how social capital, considering its multifaceted nature and gendered implications, influences women's health attributions.…”