Gendered paths of industrialization: A cross-regional comparative analysis

Caraway, Teri L.

doi:10.1007/bf02686306

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hagen Koo (2000) has observed that under authoritarianism, South Korea combined brutal repression of collective labor rights with strong individual labor rights that encouraged firms to retain workers. I (Caraway 2004) coined the term protective repression to describe a similar labor rights regime in Indonesia. Taiwan and (to a lesser extent) the Philippines, also fall in this category.…”

Section: Individual Labor Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the fall of Suharto in May 1998, successive Indonesian governments worked closely with the ILO to produce new labor laws that addressed many of the ILO's criticisms of Indonesian labor regulation (Caraway 2004). Most notably, Indonesia moved quickly to recognize freedom of association by eliminating the legal monopoly enjoyed by the state-backed union (Ford 2000).…”

Section: The Right To Establish Unionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If countries with laws that are more compliant with international labor standards do not have higher rates of unionization, then it suggests that other factors are at work. One possibility is my observation (Caraway 2006b) that liberal labor laws that make it easier to form unions are not necessarily the most likely to increase unionization rates. Instead, they may encourage union fragmentation and competition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…"Beneath the miracle" of East Asia's stunning growth hid the ugly fact of severe labor rights violations (Caraway 2006a;Deyo 1987Deyo , 1989Hadiz 1997;Rasiah and von Hofmann 1998). Since the late 1980s, however, democratization has opened political space for unions in some countries, and labor law reforms in others have strengthened the collective rights of workers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state sector is almost entirely unionized, and in recent years unionization in the private sector has expanded considerably (Clarke, Lee, and Chi 2007;Manyin, Lum, McHugh et al 2002). Indonesia and Thailand both have extremely low rates of unionization, but union density has probably increased modestly in Indonesia as a result of the expansion of organizing efforts after the fall of Suharto in 1998 (Caraway 2008). The disconnect between law and unionization rates leads to new avenues of research.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?

Caraway

2009

Journal of East Asian Studies

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This article examines the impact of recent economic and political change on collective and individual labor rights in East Asia. Deploying a new index for measuring de jure and de facto labor rights, the article presents new comparative data on labor rights in the region. Democratization has produced stronger collective labor rights in much of the region, but labor laws in most countries still fall far short of international labor standards. East Asia's labor laws offer similar levels of protection for individual labor rights to the rest of the world when firing costs are taken into account, and low regional averages are primarily an effect of Singapore's extremely weak individual labor rights. Few countries have revised their labor laws in the direction of greater labor market flexibility. However, the distance between law and practice is wide, so improvements in laws are not necessarily reflected on the ground. Flexibility enters through the back door of ineffective labor law enforcement, which in turn has affected the organizing efforts of unions.

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Section: Individual Labor Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Right To Establish Unionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?

Caraway

2009

Journal of East Asian Studies

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Labor Standards and Labor Market Flexibility in East Asia

Caraway

2022

Palgrave Readers in Economics

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Labor Standards and Labor Market Flexibility in East Asia

Caraway

2010

St Comp Int Dev

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Since the 1980s, de jure labor standards have improved in Northeast and Southeast Asia and de jure labor market flexibility has decreased. For most countries in the region, however, de facto labor standards are much worse than de jure standards, and de facto flexibility is much higher than de jure flexibility. International pressure has rarely produced meaningful change in either labor standards or labor market flexibility. Authoritarian regimes have proven the most immune to international pressures to improve labor standards and to increase labor market flexibility. The most significant improvements to labor standards usually follow democratization, with international influences working in tandem with domestic pressures. International actors have had little effect on improving labor standards in semi-democracies, with the exception of Cambodia, but progress there depended on a carrot, not a stick. Demands by the international financial institutions to increase labor market flexibility have been minimal, with the notable exception of South Korea. Both democracies and authoritarian regimes have adopted laws that reduce labor market flexibility, and domestic political concerns rather than international influences were the primary driving force.

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Gendered paths of industrialization: A cross-regional comparative analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?

Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?

Labor Standards and Labor Market Flexibility in East Asia

Labor Standards and Labor Market Flexibility in East Asia

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