Gendered Innovations in the Study of Cardiovascular Diseases

Shlyakhto, Evgeny

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_40

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…While peripubertal and perimenopausal differences point toward a hormonal cause for CVD risk [ 29 ], our data suggest that risk factors earlier in life must be taken into account, as most of our study population had not reached puberty yet. A possible explanation for our findings is a significantly higher adipose mass in females than in males for each BMI category, as described by De Simone et al [ 30 ] and for pediatric age by Taylor et al [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of Sex and Obesity on Echocardiographic Parameters in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2022

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Subclinical alterations in left ventricular structure and function are detectable in adolescents with hypertension or obesity. However, data on early echocardiographic abnormalities in seemingly healthy children are lacking. Sex differences in cardiac structure and function have been previously reported, but sex-specific reference values are not available. Specifically, the potential interaction of sex and overweight has not been addressed at all. Anthropometric data, blood pressure and exercise tests were obtained in 356 healthy children. Echocardiographic parameters comprised peak early (E) and late (A) mitral inflow Doppler velocities, E/A ratio, tissue Doppler peak velocities of early (e′) and late diastolic (a′) excursion of mitral/septal annulus and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVMI z-score were calculated. Interaction terms between BMI and sex and stratification by sex were used for analysis. We provide values for echocardiographic parameters for children of two age groups separated by BMI. Overweight/obese children had a significant higher LVMI, lower E/A ratio, higher E/e′ ratios and a longer IVRT. For a given BMI in the upper ranges we demonstrated a higher LVMI in girls than in boys, the IVRT extended significantly more in girls than in boys with increasing BMI. There are sex differences in structural and functional echocardiographic parameters in children and adolescents. Our data not only confirms the importance of overweight and obesity, but demonstrates important interactions between sex and overweight. The greater susceptibility of overweight girls toward echocardiographic changes associated with potential long-term functional impairment needs further exploration and follow-up.Trial registration number DRKS00012371; Date 18.08.2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%