Gendered Career Paths: A Life Course Perspective on Returning to School

Hostetler, A. J.; Sweet, Stephen; Moen, Phyllis

doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9150-8

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Thus far, there has been no systematic attempt to test how HH roles affect the application of resources built up through privileged class pathways (in both childhood and adulthood) to business start-up. This is despite evidence that gendered family responsibilities play a significant mediating role in institutional careers (Castelman, Coulthard, and Reed 2005;Hostetler, Sweet, and Moen 2007). To begin to test this effect, we propose that more childcare responsibilities will negatively affect class-based pathways to business start-up.…”

Section: The Mediating Effect Of Hh Resources and Rolesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Life course pathways to business start-up

Jayawarna

Rouse

Macpherson

2014

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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We explore how socially embedded life courses of individuals within Britain affect the resources they have available and their capacity to apply those resources to start-up. We propose that there will be common pathways to entrepreneurship from privileged resource ownership and test our propositions by modelling a specific life course framework, based on class and gender. We operationalize our model employing 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and event history random effect logistic regression modelling. Our hypotheses receive broad support. Business start-up in Britain is primarily made from privileged class backgrounds that enable resource acquisition and are a means of reproducing or defending prosperity. The poor avoid entrepreneurship except when low household income threatens further downward mobility and entrepreneurship is a more attractive option. We find that gendered childcare responsibilities disrupt class-based pathways to entrepreneurship. We interpret the implications of this study for understanding entrepreneurship and society and suggest research directions.

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Section: The Mediating Effect Of Hh Resources and Rolesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Life course pathways to business start-up

Jayawarna

Rouse

Macpherson

2014

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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“…The careers of female entrepreneurs are less linear than their male counterparts due to life-stage events associated with motherhood and family considerations (Lewis, Harris, Morrison, Ho, Jawahar, & Al Ariss, 2015). Research has shown that the careers of women are inherently complex (Betz & Fitzgerald, 1987;Ornstein & Isabella, 1990;Powell & Mainiero, 1992), whereas those of men are more defined and bound by masculine gender role expectations that emphasize an upward trajectory and "breadwinner" status (Hostetler, Sweet, & Moen, 2007;Jennings & McDougald, 2007;Powell & Graves, 2003). However, research also reveals that men and women undergo a type of role reversal during mid-career whereby men begin to change their career pace and emphasize their personal lives while women begin to feel freer to pursue career goals (Gordon & Whelan, 1998;Greller & Stroh, 1995;Martins et al, 2002;Powell & Graves, 2003).…”

Section: The Moderating Effect Of Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fail but Try Again? The Effects of Age, Gender, and Multiple–Owner Experience on Failed Entrepreneurs’ Reentry

Baù

Sieger

Eddleston

et al. 2017

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

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We investigate what leads failed entrepreneurs to reenter entrepreneurship by taking a developmental career perspective. Specifically, we hypothesize that the age of failed entrepreneurs has a non-linear relationship with the likelihood of reentering entrepreneurship that follows different career stages (early, middle, and late). The gender of failed entrepreneurs and multipleowner experience in the failed firm are hypothesized to be moderators of this relationship. We test our hypotheses using a database consisting of the Swedish population, including 4,761 entrepreneurs who failed between 2000 and 2004. Analyzing their career paths over the years following their failure offers support for our theoretical expectations.

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“…Life course researchers investigate the early life precursors and long-term consequences of ‘pivotal’ events or ‘turning points,’ including those related to family formation and workforce participation (Elder 1998). Work stoppages, time out of work, and time spent caring for children often disrupt women’s careers (Hostetler et al 2007), yet what remains unknown are the number and type of longitudinal pathways that characterize women ‘s overall workforce participation and their precursors early in life.…”

Section: The Gendered Life Course and Women’s Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Work Pathways Across the Life Course

Damaske

Frech

2016

Demography

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Despite numerous changes in women’s employment in the latter half of the 20th century, women’s employment continues to be uneven and stalled. Drawing from data on women’s weekly work hours in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we identify significant inequality in women’s labor force experiences across adulthood. We find two pathways of stable fulltime work for women, three pathways of part-time employment, and a pathway of unpaid labor. A majority of women follow one of the two fulltime work pathways, while fewer than 10 percent follow a pathway of unpaid labor. Our findings provide evidence of the lasting influence of work-family conflict and early socio-economic advantages and disadvantages on women’s work pathways. Indeed, race, poverty, educational attainment, and early family characteristics significantly shaped women’s work careers. Work-family opportunities and constraints also were related to women’s work hours, as were a woman’s gendered beliefs and expectations. We conclude that women’s employment pathways are a product of both their resources and changing social environment as well as individual agency. Significantly, we point to social stratification, gender ideologies, and work-family constraints, working in concert, as key explanations for how women are “tracked” onto work pathways from an early age.

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Gendered Career Paths: A Life Course Perspective on Returning to School

Cited by 36 publications

References 79 publications

Life course pathways to business start-up

Life course pathways to business start-up

Fail but Try Again? The Effects of Age, Gender, and Multiple–Owner Experience on Failed Entrepreneurs’ Reentry

Women’s Work Pathways Across the Life Course

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