Gender typology

Corbett, Greville G.

doi:10.1515/9783110307337.87

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some languages, like many Indo-European ones, are known as "grammatical gender" languages. In these languages, gender is a formal and semantic distinction that applies to various parts of speech (Konishi, 1993;Corbett, 2013), which can be inflected by means of feminine or masculine morphology (e.g it: la/il nuova/o amica/o -the new friend). On the other hand, other languages such as English are described as "notional" or "natural gender" languages (Curzan, 2003), whereby gender is expressed mostly by pronouns (e.g.…”

Section: Gender Across Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good, but not always Fair: An Evaluation of Gender Bias for three Commercial Machine Translation Systems

Piazzolla,

Savoldi,

Bentivogli

2024

HJLCB

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Machine Translation (MT) continues to make significant strides in quality and is increasingly adopted on a larger scale. Consequently, analyses have been redirected to more nuanced aspects, intricate phenomena, as well as potential risks that may arise from the widespread use of MT tools. Along this line, this paper offers a meticulous assessment of three commercial MT systems - Google Translate, DeepL, and Modern MT - with a specific focus on gender translation and bias. For three language pairs (English-Spanish, English-Italian, and English-French), we scrutinize the behavior of such systems at several levels of granularity and on a variety of naturally occurring gender phenomena in translation. Our study takes stock of the current state of online MT tools, by revealing significant discrepancies in the gender translation of the three systems, with each system displaying varying degrees of bias despite their overall translation quality.

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Section: Gender Across Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good, but not always Fair: An Evaluation of Gender Bias for three Commercial Machine Translation Systems

Piazzolla,

Savoldi,

Bentivogli

2024

HJLCB

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“…One dimension on which languages differ is whether and how their grammatical systems assign gender. Languages can be grouped into three broad categories: genderless, natural gender, and gendered languages (Corbett, 2014). Genderless languages are characterized by the complete absence of grammatical gender markers for all types of nouns; neither human nor nonhuman nouns carry a gender mark in these languages.…”

Section: Grammatical Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Grammatical gender and anthropomorphism: “It” depends on the language.

Mecit¹,

Lowrey²,

Shrum³

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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When English speakers anthropomorphize animals or objects, they refer to such entities using human pronouns (e.g., he or she instead of it). Unlike English, which marks gender only for humans, gendered languages such as French grammatically mark gender not only for humans but also for nonhumans. Research has shown that in gendered languages, although gender marking of nonhuman nouns is semantically arbitrary, people ascribe male and female properties to nonhuman entities consistent with their grammatical gender. Because grammatical gender conveys human-related properties, we question whether grammatically gender-marking nonhumans may elicit anthropomorphism tendencies. Across six studies, we show that gender marking of nonhuman nouns in gendered languages influences the way individuals mentally represent these entities and increases their anthropomorphism tendencies. We demonstrate the effects both by comparing anthropomorphism as a function of natural differences in languages with French-English bilinguals (Study 1) and by training native English speakers to use gender marking for nonhuman nouns as speakers of gendered languages do (Study 2). The following studies further demonstrate the effects within the French language by measuring (Study 3a) and manipulating (Studies 3b and 4) the salience of gender markings of nonhuman nouns. In Study 5 (preregistered), we replicate our basic finding and establish grammatical gender as an important linguistic element in shaping French speakers' anthropomorphism tendencies. We discuss the findings and the limitations in the culturelanguage-cognition triad and layout their implications for the debate on the extent to which language can mediate categorical and perceptual judgments.

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“…In general, it is assumed that the gender system of the host language applies to loanwords as well, possibly augmented by some loanword-specific additional rules (Corbett 1991, 2014). As described in Onysko 2007:164, the English noun family , for instance, is feminine in German, because of a native semantic rule according to which collectives of individuals receive feminine gender (for example, die Gruppe ‘group’).…”

Section: Gender Assignment To Loanwordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Let's Agree to Disagree. (Variation in) the Assignment of Gender to Nominal Anglicisms in Dutch

2018

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In this paper, we investigate gender assignment to recently borrowed English loanwords in Dutch, introducing several innovations to the field of gender assignment to anglicisms. First, we use multiple mixed-effects logistic regression to determine which factors underlie gender assignment in Dutch. As this model indicates that there is variation in the amount of homogeneity in the speech community (i.e. agreement between respondents) concerning the gender assigned to an anglicism, we analyze the contexts in which homogeneity is the lowest. This analysis reveals that the amount of agreement does not solely depend on the degree of establishment of an anglicism. In contrast to what has been argued in previous studies, gender assignment to anglicisms in Dutch is not a categorical process.

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Gender typology

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Good, but not always Fair: An Evaluation of Gender Bias for three Commercial Machine Translation Systems

Good, but not always Fair: An Evaluation of Gender Bias for three Commercial Machine Translation Systems

Grammatical gender and anthropomorphism: “It” depends on the language.

Let's Agree to Disagree. (Variation in) the Assignment of Gender to Nominal Anglicisms in Dutch

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