Gender, Time Use, and Health

Bird, Chloe E.; Fremont, Allen

doi:10.2307/2137147

Cited by 206 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Like other research showing that role experiences are more predictive of well-being than role status (e.g., Barling & MacEwen, 1992;Bird & Fremont, 1991;Grant & Barling, in press;MacEwen & Barling, 1991;O'Brien & Feather, 1990), we propose that the quality of each of the retirement experiences (i.e., perceived financial strain, temporal structuring, a sense of purposefulness, and interpersonal contacts) will affect how retirement is experienced.…”

Section: Interpersonal Contactssupporting

confidence: 63%

Linking retirement experiences and marital satisfaction: A mediational model.

Higginbottom¹,

Barling²,

Kelloway³

1993

Psychology and Aging

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The authors propose and test a mediatorial model linking the experience of retirement with marital satisfaction. The experience of retirement (financial strain, time structure, a sense of purposefulness, and interpersonal contacts) is held to predict marital satisfaction indirectly through its sequential effects on context-specific well-being (retirement-specific satisfaction with health, activities, and peers) and context-free well-being (depressive symptoms). Both this model and a revised model in which retirement satisfaction also exerted a direct effect on marital satisfaction were supported using structural equation modeling on data from 164 retirees (mean age = 69 years). An alternative model in which depressive symptoms assume a predictive rather than mediational role was not supported; cross-lagged regression analyses excluded the possibility that marital dissatisfaction resulted in depressive symptoms. The conceptual and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Interpersonal Contactssupporting

confidence: 63%

Linking retirement experiences and marital satisfaction: A mediational model.

Higginbottom¹,

Barling²,

Kelloway³

1993

Psychology and Aging

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“…Indeed, Bird and Fremont have documented that time spent caring for children reduces women's overall health. 40 At a basic level, raising a child who arrived after a woman thought she was done with childbearing extends the amount of time she spends as a caretaker. The link between caretaking and well-being can be strongly gendered in many heterosexual relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Unintended Pregnancies for Mental Health in Later Life

et al. 2016

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Despite decades of research on unintended pregnancies, we know little about the health implications for the women who experience them. Moreover, no study has examined the implications for women whose pregnancies occurred before Roe v. Wade was decided-nor whether the mental health consequences of these unintended pregnancies continue into later life. Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a 60-year ongoing survey, we examined associations between unwanted and mistimed pregnancies and mental health in later life, controlling for factors such as early life socioeconomic conditions, adolescent IQ, and personality. We found that in this cohort of mostly married and White women, who completed their pregnancies before the legalization of abortion, unwanted pregnancies were strongly associated with poorer mental health outcomes in later life. (Am J Public Health. 2016;106:421-429. doi: 10.2105106:421-429. doi: 10. /AJPH.2015 B ecause of its prevalence, potential consequences, and political salience, unintended pregnancy has been a source of significant research and policy concern for decades. Current estimates indicate that half (51%) of all US pregnancies are unintended, 1 and North America is the only region of the world in which rates have not declined in the past decade.2 Strikingly, however, although a robust literature documents the well-being repercussions for women who terminate pregnancies, as well as the consequences for the well-being of children who result from unplanned pregnancies, we know relatively little about the ramifications for the wellbeing of women who continue unplanned pregnancies to term. Having a child and raising that child are key events in the life course. What are the long-term mental health implications for mothers who bear children resulting from unplanned pregnancies? Furthermore, do these implications differ according to whether the pregnancy was simply mistimed or unwanted altogether?We addressed 2 key limitations of the research. First, the few previous investigations of pregnancy intention and mental health have focused on births that occurred after Roe v. Wade (1973). Because 40% of unintended pregnancies are terminated, 1 women who carried these children to term after Roe v. Wade are different-and potentially different in ways that confound the relationship between unintended pregnancies and mental health outcomes.Second, the studies have focused on the link between unintended pregnancies and mothers' mental health outcomes only when the children that resulted from these pregnancies were relatively young. We don't know if this influence on mental health is sustained into midlife. A large body of life course research shows how early life course experiences, such as poverty and family conflict, have independent and long-ranging effects on mental health in mid and later life.3-7 More generally, we do know that children influence parental outcomes long after they become adults. 8 Consequently, having and raising a child of an unwanted pregnancy may result in similar long-lasting e...

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“…10,11 Researchers have found that females generally have higher rates of illness and more disability days than males, and they are more inclined to report symptoms and seek medical care. 12,13 Perhaps as a result, women have often been charged more than men for identical insurance plans, particularly in the individually purchased insurance market. One study found that insurance premiums for single women can be up to 85 percent higher than premiums for single men, and premiums for female heads of household with dependents can be 32 percent higher than their male counterparts' premiums.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced Gender And Age Differences Are Evident In Personal Health Care Spending Per Person

Cylus

Hartman²,

Washington³

et al. 2011

Health Affairs

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This paper examines differences in national health care spending by gender and age. Our research found significant variations in per person spending by gender across age groups, health services, and types of payers. For example, in 2004 per capita health care spending for females was 32 percent more than for males. Per capita differences were most pronounced among the working-age population, largely because of spending for maternity care. Except for children, total spending for and by females was greater than that for and by males, for most services and payers. The gender difference in total spending was most pronounced in the elderly, as a result of the longer life expectancy of women.

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Gender, Time Use, and Health

Cited by 206 publications

References 35 publications

Linking retirement experiences and marital satisfaction: A mediational model.

Linking retirement experiences and marital satisfaction: A mediational model.

The Implications of Unintended Pregnancies for Mental Health in Later Life

Pronounced Gender And Age Differences Are Evident In Personal Health Care Spending Per Person

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