Gender stereotype perception, perceived social support and self-efficacy in increasing women's entrepreneurial intentions

Abstract

PurposeWomen play an essential role in entrepreneurship because they have been able to make social and economic contributions in many countries. However, women continue encountering numerous difficulties when engaging in entrepreneurial activities, particularly from a societal perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to study the underlying factors influencing women's entrepreneurial intentions that lead to their success in entrepreneurship. This study examines gender stereotype perceptions, perceived social support and self-efficacy in women's entrepreneurial intentions in Batik micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in West Java, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative method by randomly distributing questionnaires to women entrepreneurs in the MSME sector in the batik craft industry in the Trusmi area, West Java, Indonesia. The research questionnaire was completed by 150 female entrepreneurs, and a structural equation model-partial least squares (PLS) was employed to examine the hypotheses proposed in this study.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that gender stereotype perception and perceived social support have a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy. Gender stereotype perceptions affect women's entrepreneurial intentions, both directly and mediated by self-efficacy. Meanwhile, perceived social support has a significant effect on women's entrepreneurial intention only when it is mediated by self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis study presents empirical evidence on how gender stereotype perception, perceived social support and self-efficacy affect women's entrepreneurial intentions and establishes a novel conceptual framework for women's entrepreneurship in emerging economies. This study provides academic and practical implications by identifying the entrepreneurial intentions of women who have carried out entrepreneurial activities. This study also provides direction for policymakers to encourage women's entrepreneurial intentions.

Social Inclusion: A Factor That Influences the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Behavior of Generation Z

“…It will increase in the case of female involvement in entrepreneurial activities. Hamdani et al (2023) concluded that social inclusion has a significant influence on women's entrepreneurial intention and that gender stereotypes and social support have a significant effect on self-efficacy. Stead (2017), analyzing the importance of belonging for women in an entrepreneurial context, identified five forms of performance of belonging by women (i.e., proxy, concealment, modeling the norm, tempered disruption, and identity-switching) because belonging for women entrepreneurs is a factor necessary for the development of self-efficacy.…”

Analysing the effect of resilience and perceived social environment on university students' intention to start sustainable ventures

“…PLS-SEM assesses the statistical significance of factor loadings and standardized regression coefficients between latent variables. The explanatory power of PLS-SEM models is evaluated using metrics such as the average R2 parameter, Goodness of Fit (GOF), Q2, and F2, which are commonly employed to gauge the predictive capability of PLS-SEM models in entrepreneurship studies [131,132]. The R2 parameter serves as an indicator of the predictive performance of the structural model [133].…”

The moderating role of individual and social resources in gender effect on entrepreneurial growth aspirations

“…That way, this study identifies critical conditions that shape the effects of resources. In so doing, we build on the literature that emphasises relative advantage in female social abilities and competences that enable female entrepreneurs to reach out and utilise the resources that are socially available (Emami et al, 2023;Hamdani et al, 2023), which helps us explain differences in growth aspirations, and the role of social resources in diminishing the gender gap.…”