Gender‐Specific Physiology, Carbon Isotope Discrimination, and Habitat Distribution in Boxelder, Acer Negundo

Dawson, Todd E.; Ehleringer, James R.

doi:10.2307/1940807

Cited by 355 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies documented that sexual dimorphisms result from different reproductive requirements of females and males, which cause sex-specific selection pressures, reduced survival of females under conditions with limited resources, unlike males with better tolerance to harsh environments (Barrett and Hough 2012). Therefore, the gender ratio is always biased to females under the favorable microhabitats and to males under unfavorable conditions (Dawson and Ehleringer 1993;Li et al 2007;Zhang et al 2009;Zhao et al 2012). The poplar was one of the representative pioneer genera during the succession processes.…”

Section: Sex-specific Difference Of Biomass Accumulation and Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Dong

Guo

et al. 2014

Trees

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Key Message Female cuttings of Populus deltoides were sensitive to inorganic nitrogen forms and biased for NO 3 2 -N, whereas males exhibited no obvious preference for nitrogen form in nitrogen fertilizations. Abstract We investigated the effects of different inorganic nitrogen forms (NO 3 --N and NH 4 ? -N) on the morphology, physiology, and carbohydrate accumulation of male and female Populus deltoides. Results showed that both NO 3 --N and NH 4 ? -N supply forms significantly increased plant growth, C and N contents of all plant organs, chlorophyll pigment contents, net photosynthesis rates (P n ), and instantaneous photosynthetic N-use efficiencies (PNUE) in the leaves of both male and female P. deltoides. Females exhibited high total plant dry mass accumulation, P n , PNUE, and N contents in leaves but lower non-structure carbohydrate accumulation than males under nitrate treatment. However, males showed significantly higher P n , PNUE, and 15 NH 4 ? in the leaves, free amino acid content, and nitrate reductase (NR) activities than females under each nitrogen form supply treatment.These results suggested that male and female P. deltoides used different adaptive strategies in dry mass accumulation, allocation, and exhibited different interactions between nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Males exhibited higher nitrogen assimilation ability and N-use efficiency than females under nitrogen fertilizations, whereas females showed more sensitivity to inorganic nitrogen forms of treatments and distinct preference for NO 3 --N. Male P. deltoides showed no obvious bias to the two different N forms. Therefore, the different preferences of male and female P. deltoides of N supplied forms can serve as an important strategy for minimizing intraspecific competition between the two genders.

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Section: Sex-specific Difference Of Biomass Accumulation and Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Dong

Guo

et al. 2014

Trees

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“…Greater allocation of resources toward reproduction by one sex (typically females) may result in sexspecific differences in the production and consumption of fixed carbon at the whole-plant level, with both short-term consequences (e.g., photosynthetic acclimation) and long-term consequences (e.g., fecundity, growth, and survival). In some dioecious species, the costs of reproduction are reflected in the fact that females are less likely to survive in stressful habitats, which results in spatial segregation of the sexes (3,4). In other species (5,6), females can co-occur with males but must defray the costs of reproduction by delaying reproductive maturity or by reproducing less frequently than males (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, females tend to be larger than males in herbaceous plants grown in greenhouse experiments (10). In contrast, in woody plants observed under natural conditions (4,6,11), males are more commonly larger than females (7). In field studies, spatial segregation of the sexes can confound interpretations of sexspecific differences in photosynthesis or growth because of differences in habitat quality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous-year reproduction reduces photosynthetic capacity and slows lifetime growth in females of a neotropical tree

Wheelwright

Logan

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Females of dioecious plant species typically invest more in reproduction than males because they produce seeds, fruits, and associated structures in addition to flowers. If females are unable to compensate by up-regulating rates of photosynthesis or by reproducing less frequently than males, their greater reproductive investment may result in reduced growth or higher mortality. Here we provide evidence of the cost of reproduction in Ocotea tenera (Lauraceae), a dioecious neotropical tree common in lower montane forests of Monteverde, Costa Rica. Over periods of 12-21 years, females grew more slowly than males in a natural population and in two experimental plots where we were able to control for genotype, age, habitat, and reproductive history. Simultaneous measurements of 10 matched pairs of sibling trees of the opposite sex but same age demonstrated that the photosynthetic capacities of females were 13% lower than those of males. Among females, photosynthetic capacity was negatively correlated with fruit production during the most recent reproductive season but not with lifetime fruit production. Sexual size dimorphism in adult O. tenera trees appears to be a nonadaptive consequence of trading off recent reproduction against maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus, with long-term negative effects on growth.D ioecious plants, species in which male and female flowers are borne on separate individuals, offer an opportunity to assess the costs of reproduction by examining how sexual differences in reproductive effort affect physiology, growth, and life history traits (1, 2). Greater allocation of resources toward reproduction by one sex (typically females) may result in sexspecific differences in the production and consumption of fixed carbon at the whole-plant level, with both short-term consequences (e.g., photosynthetic acclimation) and long-term consequences (e.g., fecundity, growth, and survival). In some dioecious species, the costs of reproduction are reflected in the fact that females are less likely to survive in stressful habitats, which results in spatial segregation of the sexes (3, 4). In other species (5, 6), females can co-occur with males but must defray the costs of reproduction by delaying reproductive maturity or by reproducing less frequently than males (7,8).Although it is now well established that females of many dioecious plant species invest more carbon, nitrogen, and other resources in reproduction than males (2), few studies have linked physiological performance with morphological or demographic consequences or taken into account the influence of recent reproductive effort, much less lifetime reproductive effort, particularly in long-lived trees (9). Moreover, it has been difficult to generalize about the sex-specific costs of reproduction because of differences in the results of laboratory versus field studies and between studies of herbaceous versus woody plants. For example, females tend to be larger than males in herbaceous plants grown in greenhouse experiments (10). In contrast,...

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“…This in turn suggests possible inherent physiological differences between the sexes, as has been demonstrated in willows and boxelder (Crawford & Balfour, 1983;Dawson & Bliss, 1989;Dawson & Ehleringer, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Embryonic and host-associated skewed adult sex ratios in dwarf mistletoe

et al. 1996

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Embryonic sex ratios were determined for the first time in dioecious flowering plants by utilizing malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-3) as a genetic marker. In three populations of Arceuthobium tsugense ssp. tsugense (hemlock dwarf mistletoe) the embryonic sex ratio was 1:1, as it also was at first reproduction. Mixed-age, adult sex ratios of these and other populations from Oregon to south-eastern Alaska, however, were significantly female-biased (59 per cent) on western hemlock, its primary host. We suggest that these female-skewed, adult sex ratios are the result of increased longevity among females. On a secondary host, noble fir, the embryonic and the adult sex ratios were both 1:1. On still another secondary host, shore pine, the embryonic sex ratio is unknown, but the adult sex ratio was significantly male-biased (55.1 per cent). Host environment apparently influences adult sex ratios in hemlock dwarf mistletoe. However, in the European mistletoe Viscum album, a gametic system apparently controls the production of the adult female-predominant sex ratios (69.9 per cent) at fertilization (or perhaps by abortion during embryogenesis). In V album, the sex ratio of progeny raised from seed is already similarly biased at first reproduction (67.3 per cent), and the sex ratios are not influenced by host shifts.

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Gender‐Specific Physiology, Carbon Isotope Discrimination, and Habitat Distribution in Boxelder, Acer Negundo

Cited by 355 publications

References 79 publications

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Previous-year reproduction reduces photosynthetic capacity and slows lifetime growth in females of a neotropical tree

Embryonic and host-associated skewed adult sex ratios in dwarf mistletoe

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