Gender-specific experiences of serious mental illness in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Ghebrehiwet, Senait; Baul, Tithi D.; Restivo, Juliana L.; Kelkile, Teshome Shibre; Stevenson, Anne; Gelaye, Bizu; Fekadu, Abebaw; Hailemariam, Maji; Girma, Eshetu; Teferra, Solomon; Canelos, Victoria E.; Henderson, David C.; Borba, Christina P.C.

doi:10.1080/17441692.2019.1680723

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The fear of danger from aggressive and violent behavior was claimed as a reason for the stigma [39], which was also a reason mentioned in Asia [74]. Even though it is common to show sympathy for women with mental illnesses, it could be very challenging for them to attain their normal life [41], especially in nding a partner and establishing a family [48]. Additionally, there was low stigma resistance [58] and delayed treatment seeking [61] for mental illnesses, as it was common to believe in divine and traditional healing systems [38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Girma

Ketema

Mulatu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background People with mental illnesses are at an increased risk of experiencing human rights violations, stigma and discrimination. Even though mental health stigma and discrimination are universal, there appears to be a higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Anti-stigma interventions need to be grounded in local evidence. The aim of this paper was to synthesize evidence on mental health stigma and discrimination in Ethiopia to inform the development of anti-stigma interventions. Methods This evidence synthesis was conducted as a part of formative work for the International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes (INDIGO) Partnership research program. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed for scientific articles, and Google Search and Google Scholar were used for grey literature. Records fulfilling eligibility criteria were selected for the evidence synthesis. The findings were synthesized using a framework designed to capture features of mental health stigma to inform cultural adaptation of anti-stigma interventions. Results A total of 37 records (2 grey literature and 35 scientific articles) were included in the evidence synthesis. Some of these records were described more than once depending on themes of the synthesis. The records were synthesized under the themes of explanatory models of stigma (3 records on labels and 4 records on symptoms and causes), perceived and experienced forms of stigma (7 records on public stigma, 6 records on structural stigma, 2 records on courtesy stigma and 4 records on self-stigma), impact of stigma on help-seeking (6 records) and interventions to reduce stigma (12 records). Only two intervention studies assessed stigma reduction— one study showed reduced discrimination due to improved access to effective mental health care, whereas the other study did not find evidence on reduction of discrimination following a community-based rehabilitation intervention in combination with facility-based care. Conclusion There is widespread stigma and discrimination in Ethiopia which has contributed to under-utilization of available mental health services in the country. This should be addressed with contextually designed and effective stigma reduction interventions that engage stakeholders (service users, service providers, community representatives and service developers and policy makers) so that the United Nations universal health coverage goal for mental health can be achieved in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women with mental illnesses were still responsible for their family and household obligations and received less social support from their family. This made women vulnerable to neglect, sexual exploitation, and abuse [41].…”

Section: Perceived Causes and Symptoms Of Mental Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Girma

Ketema

Mulatu

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The pathogenesis of SCZ is associated with many risk factors, including sex. 28,29 There are sex differences in brain function and susceptibility to mental illnesses, as well as in the incidence, manifestations, and treatment methods of mental illness. These differences are determined by innate physiological differences between men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association betweenEFHD2gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China

Gao

Zeng

et al. 2020

J Int Med Res

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Objective Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The gene encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 ( EFHD2) may be a genetic risk locus for schizophrenia. Methods We genotyped four EFHD2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (281 schizophrenia cases [SCZ], 321 controls) from northern Chinese Han individuals using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences existed in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions between SCZ and control groups. Results The rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls; however, this difference disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Differences in rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions between SCZ and controls were more pronounced in men than in women. The G allele increased schizophrenia risk (odds ratio = 1.807, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–2.803). Among six haplotypes (G–, A–, G-insC, A-C, G-C, and G-T), the G– haplotype frequency distribution differed between SCZ and controls in women; the A-C and G-C haplotype frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls in men. Conclusions EFHD2 may be involved in schizophrenia. Sex differences in EFHD2 genotype and allele frequency distributions existed among schizophrenia patients. Further research is needed to determine the role of EFHD2 in schizophrenia.

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“…Several studies related to mental health issues in Ethiopia focus on the role of the intersectionality of client identities into the mental health services provided (e.g., Ghebrehiwet et al, 2019 ; Chisholm et al, 2020 ). There are also a number of studies emphasizing causal factors, challenges and successes in service provision for mental health services (e.g., Hambisa et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Culturally Responsive Approaches to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Ethiopia

Meshesha

Johnson

2021

Front. Sociol.

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In 2012/2013, the prevalence of child mental illness was estimated to be between 12 and 25% in Ethiopia. The Federal Ministry of Health is currently considering the implementation of the second national mental health strategy guided by the World Health Organization’s pyramid model for an optimal mix of services. This model states self-care as the fundamental concept and practice that can be facilitated by the formal and informal sectors surrounding an individual. Despite this remarkable move toward endorsing contemporary approaches to mental health services, Ethiopia struggles with a limited number of knowledgeable and skilled mental health professionals. This systematic review aims at identifying the main challenges Ethiopia might face while implementing the pyramid model. We will suggest ways to bridge the gap between the need for child/adolescent trained mental health professionals and training mental health professionals informed with the value of integrating the concepts of the pyramid model into the system of mental health care for Ethiopians. The paper also discusses the importance of integrating the Wellness based mental health approach into mental health professionals’ training as a means of developing a culturally responsive approach to child and adolescent services. This review provides implications for further studies and mental health policy, systems and services in Ethiopia.

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Gender-specific experiences of serious mental illness in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination in Ethiopia: Evidence Synthesis to Inform Stigma Reduction Interventions

Association betweenEFHD2gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China

A Systematic Review of Culturally Responsive Approaches to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Ethiopia

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