Gender Schema and Prejudicial Recall: How Children Misremember, Fabricate, and Distort Gendered Picture Book Information

Frawley, Timothy J.

doi:10.1080/02568540809594628

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Also our fourth and final prediction was confirmed in that the children in the current study were more likely to generate recall errors that were congruent with their existing gender role stereotypes. Several studies have demonstrated that when the memory task is cognitively taxing, children will often default to using their gender schemas or strategies Stangor and McMillian 1992) and misremember, distort or alter information that is incongruent with these schemas (Conkright et al 2000;Frawley 2008;Hughes and Seta 2003;Liben et al 2002;Ruble et al 2006). Given the nature of the cognitively taxing task used in the current study, it is not surprising that children demonstrated these types of errors during the recall task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Henry the Nurse is a Doctor Too: Implicitly Examining Children’s Gender Stereotypes for Male and Female Occupational Roles

Wilbourn

Kee

2010

Sex Roles

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Eagly's social role theory (Eagly and Steffen 1984) was tested examining children's gender role stereotypes via implicit information processing and memory measures. We explored whether children's occupational stereotypes were less restrictive for females who engaged in counterstereotypic occupations (Mary-Doctor) compared to males who engaged in counterstereotypic occupations (Henry-Nurse). Fifty-seven American eight-and nine-year-olds from a southwestern city were orally presented with stereotypic male and female names paired with masculine and feminine occupations and asked to create sentences using the name-occupation pairs. We conducted analyses of the created sentences as well as tested children's memories for the various pairings. Consistent with social role theory, the findings revealed that children's gender role stereotypes were more restrictive for males, than for females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Henry the Nurse is a Doctor Too: Implicitly Examining Children’s Gender Stereotypes for Male and Female Occupational Roles

Wilbourn

Kee

2010

Sex Roles

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“…It follows that exposure to gender stereotypes at this age is particularly vital in the socialisation of children into gender roles and the maintenance and confirmation of many aspects of gendered identities across the lifespan (Bradbard et al 1986;Peterson and Lach 1990;Tepper and Cassidy 1999;Turner and Gervai 1995;Zemore et al 2000). Consequently media representations of male and female characters may well 'have serious effects on these children's gender role development and self-image' (Hamilton et al 2006, p. 758), an assertion substantiated by a wealth of research (Blake and Maiese 2008;Bradbard et al 1986;Frawley 2008;Karniol and Gal-Disegni 2009;Peterson and Lach 1990;Tepper and Cassidy 1999;Turner and Gervai 1995;Zemore et al 2000). A further rationale for a predominant emphasis on picturebooks reflects the attentional capacities of the pre-school child reader; as discovered by recent evidence from eye movement monitoring studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Invisible or Involved Fathers? A Content Analysis of Representations of Parenting in Young Children’s Picturebooks in the UK

2011

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Although gender-role stereotyping in children's books is a consistent focus of research, the study of the gender role stereotyping of parenting in particular is less common, despite a developing academic interest in the changing social meanings of fathering and mothering in contemporary societies. Previous analysis has suggested that fathers are under-represented in children's books and when present, are less likely than mothers to be featured expressing affection towards, or caring for, children. This paper reports the results of a content analysis of a sample of best-selling young children's picturebooks in the UK which feature representations of parents. It was predicted that fathers would feature less often, particularly at home, and be less likely to be depicted sharing physical contact with other family members, involved in domestic chores or childcare activity, or expressing emotion. The results upheld a number of the hypotheses, indicating that fathers remain 'invisible' in an important sense. However scenes featuring fathers with children, some forms of physical contact, or caring for children were not significantly less likely to feature in these picturebooks than equivalent scenes featuring mothers; perhaps reflecting a more progressive portrayal of 'involved' fatherhood. The findings are discussed in terms of their methodological, social, and political implications.

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“…Children commonly interpret the narratives to make them fit into their existing ideas about gender roles (Frawley 2008;Anggard 2005;Wason-Ellam 1997;Trousdale 1995). A typical example of this is from Anggard (2005), who examined how pre-school children deployed gender discourses in producing their own narratives.…”

Section: Background Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow White in Hellenic primary classrooms: children’s responses to non-traditional gender discourses

Kostas

2016

Gender and Education

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This paper sets out to investigate how children make sense of and negotiate nontraditional gender discourses promoted through the feminist version of the fairytale of Snow White. The research was based on work with 120 pupils aged 9-11 years old in two Athenian primary schools. The data was collected through semi-structured group interviews. The findings suggested that schoolchildren gave conflicting accounts in relation to gender discourses and identities. There is a strong indication that girls of this age are more prepared than boys to challenge traditional gender discourses.

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Gender Schema and Prejudicial Recall: How Children Misremember, Fabricate, and Distort Gendered Picture Book Information

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Henry the Nurse is a Doctor Too: Implicitly Examining Children’s Gender Stereotypes for Male and Female Occupational Roles

Henry the Nurse is a Doctor Too: Implicitly Examining Children’s Gender Stereotypes for Male and Female Occupational Roles

Invisible or Involved Fathers? A Content Analysis of Representations of Parenting in Young Children’s Picturebooks in the UK

Snow White in Hellenic primary classrooms: children’s responses to non-traditional gender discourses

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