Gender Roles and Empathic Accuracy: The Role of Communion in Reading Minds

Laurent, Sean M.; Hodges, Sara D.

doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9544-x

Cited by 96 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Women have long been considered more empathetic than men (4,5). Compared to men, women are more likely to have higher scores on PD and EC, while gender differences on PT and FS scores have not been observed (14,15). Our findings partially confirmed previous findings of high scores on EC in female participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Thus, some clinical features, such as the presence of psychotic mood episodes and suicide attempts, may cause different disease courses in depressed subjects. In addition, the relationship between empathy and gender in patients with MDD is unclear, although the presence of this relationship in non-depressed people is most consistently supported by various studies (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between empathic responding and its clinical characteristics in patients with major depressive disorder

Ekinci¹,

Ekinci²

2016

Dusunen Adam

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Relationship between empathic responding and its clinical characteristics in patients with major depressive disorder Objective: To our knowledge, there is no study specifically examining the relation between empathic responding and clinical features in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Our aim was to examine cognitive and affective empathic responding in patients with MDD and to explore the possible relations between clinical features and empathy. Method:The sociodemographic and clinical properties of 83 patients with major depression were recorded. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess severity of depression, whereas the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to assess anxiety. Hopelessness level was measured by Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Patients' empathic ability was evaluated by using the Interpersonel Reactivity Index (IRI), and results were compared with 85 healthy controls. We used Pearson correlation and general linear model analysis to evaluate the manner in which the variables contributed to the IRI scores.Results: Perspective Taking (IRI-PT), Empathic Concern (IRI-EC), and Fantasy (IRI-FS) subscores were all substantially lower in subjects with depression than in healthy controls, while the Personal Distress (IRI-PD) subscore was higher than in healthy subjects. There were significant effects of gender on the scores of IRI-EC and IRI-FS. Lower IRI-FS and IRI-PD scores were found to be significantly related to high suicide risk in depression.Conclusion: Based on our results, patients with major depressive disorder show significantly impaired empathy measures compared to the normal population. Our findings also suggest a close relationship between suicidality and empathy in patients with MDD.Keywords: Empathy, gender, hopelessness, major depressive disorder, suicide ÖZET Majör depresif bozukluğu olan hastalarda empati yanıtı ve klinik özelliklerle ilişkisiAmaç: Bildiğimiz kadarıyla majör depresif bozukluklu hastalarda empatik cevaplarla klinik özellikler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran herhangi bir çalışma yoktur. Amacımız majör depresif bozukluklu hastalarda duygusal ve bilişsel empati cevabını değerlendirmek ve empatinin klinik özelliklerle olan muhtemel ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Sonuç: Bulgularımıza dayanarak depresif bozukluklu hastalarda normal popülasyona göre anlamlı olarak bozulmuş empati ölçümleri olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca bulgularımız depresif olgularda intihar ve empati arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between empathic responding and its clinical characteristics in patients with major depressive disorder

Ekinci¹,

Ekinci²

2016

Dusunen Adam

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“…Wheeler et al (2002) also found that empathy mediated this interaction so that the combined effect of hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality on sexual aggression was less pronounced in men with high empathy than those with low empathy. Given the functional relationship between nurturance and empathy (Karniol, Gabay, Ochion, & Harari, 1998;Laurent & Hodges, 2009), this result indirectly corroborates the assumption that nurturance is a protective factor against sexual aggression.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

On the role of dominance and nurturance in the confluence model: A person‐centered approach to the prediction of sexual aggression

Troche

Herzberg

2016

Aggressive Behavior

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Malamuth's (1998) confluence model holds that the combination of hostile masculinity, impersonal sexuality, and the constellation of high dominance and low nurturance plays a crucial role in explaining men's sexual aggression against women. Most studies on the confluence model concentrate on hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality rather than dominance and nurturance. Using a person-centered approach, we investigated whether sexual aggressive men could be better identified in a sample of 692 men when not only hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality but also dominance and nurturance were used as indicators in a latent profile analysis. Regardless of whether dominance and nurturance were considered or not, latent profile analyses revealed a high-risk group, which showed higher sexual aggression than other groups. In both cases, the sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of sexually aggressive men correctly assigned to the high-risk group) was low (33% and 31%, respectively) but increased substantially for the identification of severe sexual aggression. The positive prediction value, however, increased from 68% to 78% when dominance and nurturance were considered as predictor variables in addition to hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality, indicating that more men assigned to the high-risk group were indeed sexually aggressive. These results demonstrate the power of the confluence model for identifying sexually aggressive men from a person-centered perspective. They also point to the necessity of expanding this perspective by considering further (e.g., situational) risk factors, which have previously been identified as predicting sexually aggressive behavior in men. Aggr. Behav. 43:251-262, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…For example, it was proposed that women are better judges of another person's personality because they are more empathic (cf. Klein & Hedges, ; Laurent & Hodges, ; Lippa & Dietz, ). Although plausible, the gender of judges is irrelevant in achieving agreement between self‐ and other‐ratings: Women are not more accurate than men (Allik et al, ).…”

Section: Good Judgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Almost Unbearable Lightness of Personality

Allik

2017

Journal of Personality

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Researchers seem to believe that accepting the reality of personality traits inevitably leads to a dogma about the incredible complexity of these traits and their judgment. This article challenges this thesis and its assertion that the accuracy of personality judgment can only be achieved when a "good target" or a "good trait" is being judged using "good information," and when a "good judge" makes the judgment. It is argued that because trait dimensions are universally applicable to all persons, there is no stable ranking of good targets. The independence of major personality dimensions is incompatible with the distinction between good and bad traits. There seems to be no privileged source of information because information is everywhere, and its retrieval requires unsophisticated skills. Because of the simplicity of the task, it is usually impossible to determine who a good judge is. A new thesis of simplicity is proposed as a guide through equally plausible personality theories.

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Gender Roles and Empathic Accuracy: The Role of Communion in Reading Minds

Cited by 96 publications

References 45 publications

Relationship between empathic responding and its clinical characteristics in patients with major depressive disorder

Relationship between empathic responding and its clinical characteristics in patients with major depressive disorder

On the role of dominance and nurturance in the confluence model: A person‐centered approach to the prediction of sexual aggression

The Almost Unbearable Lightness of Personality

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