Gender Role Orientation as a Correlate of Perceived Health, Health Behavior, and Qualitative Well-Being in Older Women

Ruffing-Rahal, Mary Ann; Barin, Lois J.; Combs, Carol J.

doi:10.1300/j074v10n01_02

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Second, as has been demonstrated by others, 8,10,23 when asked to provide their definitions of feminine and masculine, women provided variable responses. Some respondents referred to interpersonal qualities (i.e., assertiveness, strength, or compassion) whereas others referred to appearance and dress.…”

Section: Gender Expressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similarly, gender expression has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that includes developmental, psychosocial, and cultural perspectives. [8][9][10] To date, there is no consensus about how to measure sexual orientation and gender expression. In 1999, an Institute of Medicine committee concluded that consensus on these types of measures may not be appropriate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in a Cancer Screening Study

Clark¹,

Armstrong²,

Bonacore³

2005

HJCE

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Section: Gender Expressionmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in a Cancer Screening Study

Clark¹,

Armstrong²,

Bonacore³

2005

HJCE

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“…Annandale and Hunt (1990) found that greater endorsement of feminine traits (measured by the BSRI) was associated with poorer self-rated health. Whereas a study with older women (65+ years old) found that greater endorsement of stereotypical feminine traits (measured by the BSRI) was associated with better self-rated health (Ruffing-Rahal et al, 1997). Other studies have not found significant associations between stereotypical feminine traits measured by the BSRI (Bem, 1974) and responses to health-MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO GENDER AND HEALTH threatening events (Kaplan & Marks, 1995) or mortality risk due to chronic heart disease (Hunt et al, 2007).…”

Section: "Having Gender:" Stereotypical Gender-typed Traits and Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…were examined as indicators of "doing gender" as they are overt behaviors that tend to differ for men and women (Courtenay, 2000;Delaney, Turiano, & Strough, 2016;Powell-Griner et al, 1997) and have been associated with masculinity and femininity (Annandale & Hunt, 1990;Mahalik, Burns, & Syzeks, 2007;Ruffing-Rahal, Barin, & Combs, 1997). The following section will discuss how interdependent strategies and health behaviors can be conceptualized as an aspect of "doing gender.…”

Section: The Role Of Gender In Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Annandale and Hunt (1990) found that stereotypical feminine traits (measured by the BSRI) explained why women were more likely to visit their physician than men. In addition, older women (65+ years old), who endorsed greater feminine and masculine traits were more likely to report that they visited their physician and adhered to taking prescribed medications (Ruffing-Rahal et al, 1997).…”

Section: "Doing Gender": Health Behaviors and Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Gender and Health among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Delaney¹

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Women get sicker, men die quicker," is a statement used to describe how women suffer from more chronic health conditions, greater physical limitations, and report poorer health compared to men (Crimmins, Kim, & Solé-Auró, 2011; Lochner & Cox, 2010), whereas men have a shorter life expectancy compared to women (CDC, 2013). Although biological sex differences offer some explanation for why men and women differ in health and mortality, there is much left unexplained (Miller, 2014). Gender, a psychosocial construct that reflects attitudes, feelings, and behaviors prescribed by cultural expectations for men and women (Unger, 1979) has been highlighted as an important, yet understudied construct, that can influence sex differences in health (Courtenay, 2000; Evans, Frank, Oliffe, & Gregory, 2011). The current study applied a multidimensional approach that tested how gender-typed traits (e.g., masculine and feminine traits) and behaviors (e.g., interdependence and health behaviors) related to three health outcomes (i.e., perceived health, physical functioning, and chronic health burden). The sample was comprised of 486 middle-aged and older adults (40-79 years old; Mage = 55.57; 54.5% female) recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk Program and the community (i.e., via social media). Findings indicated that although there were no main sex differences in health outcomes, gender-typed traits were differentially associated with behaviors (e.g., social support, health-risk behaviors) that are known to impact health. For example, men and women who reported greater endorsement of masculine traits reported significantly greater health-promoting behaviors, greater social support, less interdependent problem solving, and greater health-risk behaviors. Men and women who reported greater endorsement of feminine traits reported significantly greater health-promoting behaviors, greater social support, greater interdependent problem solving, and fewer health-risk behaviors. The findings provide a new perspective for understanding how gender may influence behaviors, which in turn can lead to varying health consequences. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. JoNell Strough, my academic advisor and dissertation chair, for her advice and support throughout this project. In addition, I am grateful for receiving the West Virginia University Foundation Distinguished Doctoral Scholarship which supported the research costs for my dissertation. I also appreciate the time and useful comments that my committee members, Dr.

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Pathways among masculinity, femininity, and health behaviors in emerging adulthood

Masters

Hayes

2020

Curr Psychol

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Gender Role Orientation as a Correlate of Perceived Health, Health Behavior, and Qualitative Well-Being in Older Women

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Measuring Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in a Cancer Screening Study

Measuring Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression Among Middle-Aged and Older Women in a Cancer Screening Study

A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Gender and Health among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Pathways among masculinity, femininity, and health behaviors in emerging adulthood

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