Gender-role attitudes in middle childhood: in what ways do parents influence their children?

Antill, John K.; Cunningham, John D.; Cotton, Sandra

doi:10.1080/0004953042000298602

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thirty out of 35 studies included parental variables. Most of these studies found congruence in GRA between children and parents, indicating that offspring of parents with traditional views hold more traditional views themselves (Antill, Cunningham, & Cotton, 2003;Blee & Tickamyer, 1987;Carlson & Knoester, 2011;Crouter et al, 2007;Davis, 2007;Ex & Janssens, 1998;Meyer, 1980;Sagara & Kang, 1998). A few studies contest this parent-child congruence.…”

Section: Situated In Home Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, most studies found a positive relationship between the offspring's egalitarian views and both mothers' education (Antill et al, 2003;Davis, 2007;Ex & Janssens, 1998;Fan & Marini, 2000;Kiecolt & Acock, 1988;Kulik, 2002a;Marks et al, 2009;Richmond-Abbott, 1984;Tallichet & Willits, 1986) and fathers' education (Antill et al, 2003;Fan & Marini, 2000;Kulik, 2002a;Marks et al, 2009;Mensch et al, 2003;Richmond-Abbott, 1984;Thornton et al, 1983): Parents with higher educational levels have more egalitarian offspring. Ex and Janssens (1998) stated that the influence of maternal education on her child's GRA acts through its influence on other variables such as parental GRA and employment.…”

Section: Parents' Socioeconomic Status (Ses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, when diversity is taken into account, a rather onedimensional approach is used, placing one group opposed to another on one diversity axe such as sex (women/men; Antill et al, 2003;Burt & Scott, 2002) or race (Blee & Tickamyer, 1987). Due to the situatedness of GRA in social, cultural, and historical contexts (Bussey & Bandura, 1999;Elder, 1998), it seems valuable to apply an intersectional-informed approach (Collins, 1998;Crenshaw, 1991) when studying GRA.…”

Section: An Intersectional-informed Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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Because of the importance of gender role attitudes (GRA) for both academic and social outcomes, it is crucial to understand how GRA is constructed and changes over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to look into the relationship between youngsters' GRA and individual, home, and school characteristics. Thirty-five international studies were identified through searches in different databases. The review reveals that the studies mostly apply a deterministic view to studying the construction of GRA, focusing predominantly on parent-child transmission. Effects of the school environment and individuals' own life experiences are under-studied. Also, data are mostly cross-sectional and leave little room for investigating evolutions of GRA over time. Suggestions for future research are formulated focusing on (a) a life-course approach that considers GRA as situated, experience-related, and therefore changing over time and (b) an intersectionality-informed approach investigating GRA at the intersects of multiple diversity dimensions.

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Section: Situated In Home Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parents' Socioeconomic Status (Ses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Intersectional-informed Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, our mothers and fathers are the first models of behavioural patterns that are consistent or inconsistent with social and gender roles and prototypes of parental care (Bochniarz, 2010;Endendijk et al, 2013). This is why both indirect and direct ways that parents influence their child are often believed to be among the determinants of how a child's attitude towards gender and sexuality will be shaped (Antill, Cunningham, & Cotton, 2003). Parental attitudes are believed to be among the main direct ways that parents influence a child (Laukkanen, Ojansuu, Tolvanen, Alatupa, & Aunola, 2014), and they are expressed in the way the parents approach their child, tactics of influencing and attitudes towards the role of being a parent itself (Ziemska, 2009).…”

Section: Gender Stereotyping and Parental Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Daughter and son: a completely different story”? Gender as a moderator of the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes

Lipowska¹,

Lipowski²,

Pawlicka³

2016

Health Psychology Report

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health psychology report · volume 4(3), 6 original article background During childhood, parents are the first and most important individuals who form the base of the content of gender stereotypes in children. A parent's expectations about the extent a child's behaviour should be line with gender stereotypes also depends on the intensity of a parent's sexism. A parent's sexism may be exhibited in parental attitudes. Hence, in our study we analysed the relationship between parental ambivalent sexism and parental attitudes within dyads of mothers and fathers with a special focus on the role of the gender of both parents and children. participants and procedureTwo hundred and ninety-four couples of parents of fiveyear-olds (153 girls, 141 boys) participated. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) was used to measure levels of sexism, and the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) was used to assess parental attitudes. resultsIn terms of the profile of parental attitudes, regardless of the child's sex, mothers and fathers scored highest for inconsequent and demanding attitudes, and lowest for overprotective and autonomy attitudes. The child's sex is also not important for the overall levels of parents' sexism -fathers exhibit higher levels of hostile sexism in comparison to mothers. Only the mothers' education level is important for levels of sexism -women with higher education exhibited the lowest levels of hostile sexism. The child's sex moderates relationships between parents' sexism and parental attitudes. In the case of mothers of sons, the intensity of benevolent sexism is negatively related to overprotective and demanding attitudes. The more educated the mothers of sons, the more demanding they were. For fathers of sons, the inconsequence attitude increases under the influence of both hostile and benevolent sexism. Among fathers of daughters, hostile sexism strengthens the overprotective attitude, while levels of both benevolent and hostile sexism as well as education influence the autonomy attitude. conclusionsThe gender of both the parents and the child moderates the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes. The role of sexism in shaping the attitude of mothers towards sons is the most prominent -it seems that it guards the 'manliness' of young boys.

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“…Men have thus been found to hold less egalitarian attitudes than women in e.g. Australia (Antill et al 2003), Britain, Norway and the Czech Republic , Iceland (Leiknisdottir 2005), the US (Bolzendahl and Myers 2004), Croatia and Slovenia (Frieze et al 2003), and China (Zhang 2006). The same can be expected to hold true for Icelandic adolescents (H1).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Egalitarian Gender Role Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Egalitarian Attitudes Towards the Division of Household Labor Among Adolescents in Iceland

Bjarnason

Hjálmsdóttir

2008

Sex Roles

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Iceland ranks among the most egalitarian nations in the world according to various quantitative indicators. Gender inequalities nevertheless persist, and egalitarian attitudes among youth have declined in recent years. A national survey among 2,031 students aged 15-16 in 2006 showed that girls and adolescents reporting same-sex attraction hold more egalitarian attitudes towards the division of household labor. A family background of distant immigration, traditional families, and economic affluence were associated with less egalitarian attitudes, as were hours of internet use. Both essentialist and neo-liberal gender ideologies tended to legitimize traditional attitudes. An essentialist gender ideology was associated with more traditional attitudes among girls while a neo-liberal gender ideology was more strongly associated with traditional attitudes among boys.

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Gender-role attitudes in middle childhood: in what ways do parents influence their children?

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

"Daughter and son: a completely different story”? Gender as a moderator of the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes

Egalitarian Attitudes Towards the Division of Household Labor Among Adolescents in Iceland

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