Gender-related differences in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation:                 implications for prevention of arteriosclerosis

Fitzpatrick, Lorraine A.; Ruan, Ming; Anderson, J.; Moraghan, Thomas J.; Miller, Virginia M.

doi:10.1177/096120339900800514

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…24, 26 Estrogen deficiency is thought to promote cardiovascular disease by promoting structural and functional changes in the blood vessels and via effects on multiple elements of the coagulation pathway. 27–30 It is plausible that estrogen deficiency among post-menopausal women could potentiate the pathological mechanisms behind the increased risk of stroke related to anemia and higher hemoglobin concentrations (discussed above), potentially explaining why both low and high hemoglobin concentrations were strongly associated with increased risk of stroke in women but not men. Unfortunately, since more than 90% of women in this study fell in the post-menopausal age group, we did not have enough power to detect pre and post-menopausal differences in stroke risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Incident Stroke in Community-Living Adults

Panwar

Judd

Warnock

et al. 2016

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose In prior observational studies, hemoglobin concentrations have been associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, these studies were limited by a relatively low number of stroke events, making it difficult to determine whether the association of hemoglobin and stroke differed by demographic or clinical factors. Methods Using Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan-Meier plots, we examined the association of baseline hemoglobin concentrations with incident stroke in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort of black and white adults ≥45 years of age. Results A total of 518 participants developed stroke over a mean 7±2 years of follow-up. There was a statistically significant interaction between hemoglobin and sex (P=0.05) on the risk of incident stroke. In Cox regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, there was no association of baseline hemoglobin concentration with incident stroke in men, whereas in women, the lowest (<12.4 g/dL) and highest (>14.0 g/dL) quartiles of hemoglobin were associated with higher risk of stroke as compared to the second quartile (12.4 – 13.2 g/dL) (Quartile 1, HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.09,2.31; Quartile 2 referent; Quartile 3, HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.59,1.38; Quartile 4, HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.08,2.35). Similar results were observed in models stratified by hemoglobin and sex and when hemoglobin was modeled as a continuous variable using restricted quadratic spline regression. Conclusions Lower and higher hemoglobin concentrations were associated with a higher risk of incident stroke in women. No such associations were found in men.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Incident Stroke in Community-Living Adults

Panwar

Judd

Warnock

et al. 2016

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the results of this review, there seems to be an assumption that the sex of cells in culture is not important or is a detail that does not warrant reporting. This assumption is false, given the evidence that sex influences expression of genes in some cultured cells, tissues, organs and diseases, including cardiovascular disease [7,8,12,13,18-20]. In 2001, the General Accounting Office reported that pharmaceuticals withdrawn from the market in the USA had greater health risks for women than men (GAO-01-286R).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundChromosomal complement, including that provided by the sex chromosomes, influences expression of proteins and molecular signaling in every cell. However, less than 50% of the scientific studies published in 2009 using experimental animals reported sex as a biological variable. Because every cell has a sex, we conducted a literature review to determine the extent to which sex is reported as a variable in cardiovascular studies on cultured cells.MethodsArticles from 10 cardiovascular journals with high impact factors (Circulation, J Am Coll Cardiol, Eur Heart J, Circ Res, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, Cardiovasc Res, J Mol Cell Cardiol, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, J Heart Lung Transplant and J Cardiovasc Pharmacol) and published in 2010 were searched using terms 'cultured' and 'cells' in any order to determine if the sex of those cells was reported. Studies using established cell lines were excluded.ResultsUsing two separate search strategies, we found that only 25 of 90 articles (28%) and 20 of 101 articles (19.8%) reported the sex of cells. Of those reporting the sex of cells, most (68.9%; n = 31) used only male cells and none used exclusively female cells. In studies reporting the sex of cells of cardiovascular origin, 40% used vascular smooth-muscle cells, and 30% used stem/progenitor cells. In studies using cells of human origin, 35% did not report the sex of those cells. None of the studies using neonatal cardiac myocytes reported the sex of those cells.ConclusionsThe complement of sex chromosomes in cells studied in culture has the potential to affect expression of proteins and 'mechanistic' signaling pathways. Therefore, consistent with scientific excellence, editorial policies should require reporting sex of cells used in in vitro experiments.

show abstract

“…In the present study, femoralto-ankle pulse wave velocity, which provides an approximation of the stiffness of the lower extremity vasculature, was marginally lower in older HT women compared to older non-HT women (O non-HT: 1117 ± 28 cm/s; O HT: 1026 ± 36 cm/s; p = 0.06) and was significantly related to both popliteal lumen diameter and IMT in the entire study sample (Figure 4). Other beneficial actions of HT may include a reduction of vascular inflammatory factors such as cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferation and/or migration of vascular smooth muscle cells [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone therapy is associated with preserved smooth muscle structure and dilation in the arterial vasculature of the leg in older women

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-term hormone therapy (HT) is associated with reduced intima-medial thickness (IMT), an established risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, in the femoral artery of healthy older women relative to age-matched non-hormone users. However, the influence of continuous, long-term HT on the relation between age, IMT, and smooth muscle dilation has not been investigated in the popliteal artery, an artery prone to stiffening and calcification. In the present study, popliteal artery IMT and smooth muscle dilation (the increase in diameter to sublingual nitroglycerin, NTG) were assessed with Doppler ultrasound in young (Y: n=16; age 23 ± 1 [mean ± S.E.M]), older non-HT (O non-HT: n=14; age 69 ± 1), and older HT (O HT: n=8; age 67 ± 1) healthy women. The ∼0.5mm increase in resting diameter observed in older non-HT women relative to young women was absent in older HT women, as was the age-related increase in IMT (Y: 0.52 ± 0.02 mm; O non-HT: 0.63 ± 0.02 mm; O HT: 0.56 ± 0.02 mm; p < 0.05 for age and hormone comparisons). NTG dilation (percent change above rest) was similarly attenuated in older non-HT women (Y: 8.6 ± 1 %; O non-HT: 3.0 ± 0.7 %; O HT: 7.4 ± 1.7 %; p < 0.05 for age and hormone comparisons), and NTG dilation was inversely related to IMT (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results suggest that long-term, continuous HT may alleviate the detrimental effects of aging on both structural changes and smooth muscle dilation of the popliteal artery in healthy women.

show abstract

Gender-related differences in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: implications for prevention of arteriosclerosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Incident Stroke in Community-Living Adults

Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Incident Stroke in Community-Living Adults

Reporting of sex as a variable in cardiovascular studies using cultured cells

Hormone therapy is associated with preserved smooth muscle structure and dilation in the arterial vasculature of the leg in older women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About